SYNGENESIA— POLYOAMIA.^QU. Cnictis. 393 



above ; snow-white and densely cottony beneath ; heart-shaped 

 and clasping at the base ; the lowermost tapering down into a 

 footstalk; some of the leaves are deeply and regularly pinna- 

 tifid occasionally, to which the specific name alludes, but which 

 none of the figures, except Dr. Hooker's, express. Fl. stalked, 

 terminal, erect when expanded, large and handsome, of a fine 

 purple. Cal. ovate, green, slightly downy ; scales leafy, smooth 

 except at the edges, most of them tipped with a very decided, 

 though small, prickle. Down of the marginal seeds rough only ; 

 that of the rest feathery, partly simple at the point, as in seve- 

 ral other species, but this is not universal in any. 

 The colouring of the whole plant, correctly expressed in Eiigl BoL, 

 is peculiarly elegant. Carduus helenioides of Linnaeus, likewise 

 a Cnlciis, to which Hudson and his followers referred this species, 

 is very distinct, twice or thrice as tall, v;ith numerous, always 

 undivided leaves, and several aggregate, sessile, niuch smaller 

 flowers. It is not known, either wild or cultivated, in Britain. 



8. C. pratensis. Meadow Plume-thistle. 



Leaves lanceolate, wavy or lobed, fringed with prickles ; 

 loosely cottony beneath. Stem downy, slightly leafy, 

 single-flowered. Calyx cottony, with tapering sharp 

 scales. 



C. pratensis. ffilld. Sp. PL v. 3. 1 672. Comp. ed. 4. 131. Hook. 

 Scot. 237. 



Carduus pratensis. Hiids. 353 ; excl.Jacq. sjjn. FL Br. 8:)4. Engl. 

 Mot. V. 3. t. \77. Dicks. H. Sicc.fasc. 18. 21. 



C. dissectus. Huds. ed. 1 . 307. Villars Dauph. v. 3. 1 5 ; 720I of Linn. 



C. heterophyllus. Lighff.^^Cy. 



Cirsium anglicum. Raii Syn. \93. Lob. Ir r)S3.f ()hs.3\4.f 

 Dalech. Uist. 584../: Ger. Em. 1 183./. LohcL _ 



C. anglicum, radiceHellebori nigri modo fibrosa, folio longo. Bank. 

 Hist. V.3.]). 1.4.5./. 



C. montanum anglicum. Ger. Em. 1 183.^. ."». 



C. pannonicum primum pratense. Cltis. Pann. 055./. (306. Hist. 

 r. 2. 148./: 



Teckham Thistle. Petiv. //. Brit. t. 22. f. 1 . 



|3. Carduus palustris mitior, Bardanae capitulo, suinmo caule sin- 

 gulari. Pluk. Almag. 82. Dill, in Raii Syn. 194. 



In low wot pastures and meadows, especially among trees. 



Perennial. June. 



Root of several sim))le, fleshy, black fibres, not creeping. Herb- 

 age greyish green, more or less cottony. Stem 12 or 18 inches 

 high, simple, round, furrowed, cottony, hollow in the centre, 

 slightly leafy, very rarely bearing more than one (lower. Leaves 

 lanceolate, either wavy, or uneciually toothed, or sometimes si- 

 nuated, almost pinnatifid. copiously fringed with imequal briv^ly 



