SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-iEQU. Bidens. 397^ 



1. C. vulgaris. Common Carline-thistle. 



Stem corymbose, many-flowered. Flowers terminal. Outer 

 calyx-scales pinnatifid ; inner whitish. 



C. vulgaris Linn. Sp. PL 1 1 G 1 . M'illd. v. 3. 1 696. Fl. Br. 857. 



Engl. Bot. V. \6.t.\\4A. Hook. Scot. 238. 

 C. n. 182. Hall. Hist. V. 1.79. 

 C. sylvestris quibusdam, aliis Atrac.tYlis, Rail Syn. 175. Bauh.. 



Hii^t.v.S.p.l.Sl.f. 

 C. sylvestris major. Ger. Em. 1 159./. 

 Carduus. Brunf. Herb. v. 2. 65./. 

 C. vulgaris. Maith. Valgr. v. 2. 32./ 

 C. sylvestris. Camer.. Epit. 439./ 

 C. vulgatissimus viarum. Lob. lev. 2. 20./ 

 Atractylis mitior. Fuchs. Hist. 121./ 

 A. vulgaris minor. Fuchs. Ic. 66. f. 

 Acarna. Dalech. Hist. 1484./ 

 Common Carline. Peliv.H. Brit. t. 15./ 10. 



In dry sandy heathy pastures and fields. 



Biennial. June. 



Root tapering, small. Stem erect, firm, round, 10 or 12 inches 

 high, leafy, downy, somewhat corymbose. Leaves lanceolate, 

 sinuated and wavy, green, veiny, rigid, copiously bordered witii 

 prickles ; sometimes quite smooth, but more commonly downy 

 or woolly beneath. Fl. terminal, solitary, of a singular aspect, 

 and not inelegantly variegated ; ihe^florels red, with yellow an- 

 thers and stigmas; the radiating scales of the calt/x cream-co- 

 loured, polished, hygrometrical, changing their position accord- 

 ing to the mpi/Sture of the atmosphere. 



This genus was named after the Emperor Charlemagne, because, 

 according to report, one of its species, C. acaulis, was pointed 

 out to liim by an angel, to cure his army of the plague. Its root, 

 is pungent, bitter and tonic ; but the large white everlasting 

 flower is perhaps most useful, when nailed upon cottage doors^ 

 in Germany, France or Italy, by way of a hygrometer, as it 

 closes before rain. 



*** Florets all tubulcrr, crowded, erect ajid parallel, lex^el- 

 to})ped, forming a d/.scoidjloiver, Xii't/ioid a radius of, 

 anij kind, except casualljj. 



388. BIDENS. Bur-marigold. 



Linn. Gen. '\\2. J/m. 188. Fl. Br.^oS. Tourn. t. 262. Lam., 

 t.66S. GcErtn.t.\67. 



Nat. Ord. Composif(r, e, oppositifoliir. Linn. \\). Corymb:- 

 Jenr, sect. 6. Jiiss. 55. Sec Gramniat 124. 



