SYNGENESIA— POL.-FRUSTRAN. Centaurea. 465 



In meadows and groves, where the soil is tenacious and moist. 



Sent from Ireland in 1796, by Mr. Templeton. In Sussex. Mr. 

 Borrer. 



Perennial. August, September. 



Root rather woody, with many long fibres. Stem erect, a foot 

 high, branched, angular, furrowed, roughish, leafy, solid. Leaves 

 light green, rough with short hairs j radical ones largest, stalk- 

 ed, toothed or pinnatifid ; the rest scattered, sessile, oblong, 

 or linear-lanceolate, entire, or toothed near the base. FL soli- 

 tary at the tumid, deeply furrowed, end of each branch, accom- 

 panied by a few leaves close to the calyx, which is brown, not 

 black } the inner scales terminating in a light-brown, orbicular, 

 variously jagged lobe 3 outer more distinctly fringed, or pecti- 

 nate, often with rough teeth. Radiant florets numerous, large, 

 light crimson, spreading 5 those oi i\\e disk much shorter, ra- 

 ther darker. Seeds to the latter only, inversely conical, crowned 

 with a simple row of very short black bristles. 



Linnaeus says, the herb steeped in water, with alum, before the 

 flowers expand, dyes silk of a fine yellow. 



The German plant described by Dillenius, in Ray's Synopsis 199, 

 is evidently C. Jacea, which he well distinguishes from the nigra, 



2. C. nigra. Black Knapweed. 



Calyx-scales oval, fringed with upright capillary teeth. 

 Lower leaves somewhat lyrate, with angular lobes ; upper 

 ones ovate. Flowers discoid. Seed-down very short, 

 tufted. 



C. nigra. Linn. Sp. PI. 1288. mild. v. 3. 2287. FL Dr. 910. 



Engl. Bot. V. 4. t. 278. Mart. Rust. t. 130. Hook. Scot. 248. 



FL Dan. t. 996. 

 Cyanus niger. Gcertn. v. 2. 382. t. 161. 

 Jacea n. 184. Hall. Hist. v. I. 80. 



J. nigra. Raii Syn. 198. Ger. Em.727.f. Dod. Pempt. 124./. 

 J. nigra vulgaris. Lob. Ic. ,041.y. 



J. cum squamis cilii instar pilosis. Dauh. Hist. v. 3. p. I. 28./. 

 J. austriaca tertia. Clus. Pann. .543./. r)4o. 

 J. austriaca sexta. Clus. Hist. v. 2. 7./ 



Common and Jagged Knapweed. Petiv. H Brit, t, 22./. 8. 9, 

 /3, with radiant flowers. Raii Syn. 199. 

 Cyanus n. 185. HalLHist.v. 1. 80. 

 y. Jacea nigra minor tomentosa laciniata. Ddl. in Raii Syn. 199. 



In piustures, and by road sides, very common. 



/3. Common in the west of England. Ray. Near Oxford. Dill. 



y. Yowx miles on this side Malton, in the road to York, on a stony 



bank by a rivulet. Dr. Richardson. 

 Perennial. June — August. 

 Habit like the last, but the stem is taller, more bushy, more deeply 



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