158 COMPOSITE. [Carduus. 



very much in the colour of its flowers ; hence its name in the seed 

 shops " Bottles of colours." 



4. C. Scabiosa, Linn. Greater Knapweed. Scales of the in- 

 volucre ciliated, ovate, downy ; leaves pinnatifid, roughish, the 

 segments lanceolate, acute. Br. Fl. 1. p. 369. E. Fl. v. iii. 

 p. 467. E.Bot.t. 56. 



Dry banks and fields, frequent. Fl. July — Aug. %. — Two to three 

 feet high, erect, much branched. Involucres globose, very large, their 

 scales cotton}', almost black, the fringe pale. 



5. C. solstitialis, Linn. Yellow Star-thistle, St. Barnabys 

 thistle. Flowers terminal, solitary ; scales of the involucre 

 doubly spinous ; stem winged from the decurrent lanceolate, 

 unarmed leaves ; radical leaves lyrate. Br. Fl. \. p. 369. E. 

 Fl. v. iii. p. 349. E. Bot. t. 243. 



Sandy fields. This was found in July 1821, in a sandy field at Port- 

 marnock, by Doctor Charles Croker, when on a botanical excursion 

 with me to that interesting place, but as the field where it grew in con- 

 siderable quantity, has since been ploughed up, it has not been found 

 there of late, and was probably introduced among the seeds of Lucerne, 

 afield of which was in the neighbourhood. Fl. July — Sept. 0. 



27. Carduus. Linn. Thistle. 



Involucre tumid, imbricated with spinous scales. Receptacle hairy. 

 Pappus deciduous, rough. — Name ; Theis derives this from 

 ard, in Celtic, a point ; whence also apco?, in Greek ; arduus, 

 in Latin ; and Cardo, and even Cardinal. 



Syngenesia. JEqualis. 



* Leaves decurrent. 



1. C. nutans, Linn. Musk Thistle. Leaves decurrent, spi- 

 nous ; flowers solitary, drooping ; scales of the involucre lan- 

 ceolate, cottony; outer ones spreading. Br. Fl. I. p. 350. E. 

 Fl. v. iii. p. 384. E. Bot. t. 1 1 12. 



By the side of the road between Gort and Corrofin, on a limestone 

 soil, sparingly, in 1805. County of Derry ; Mr. D. Moore. Fl. July, 

 Aug $ . — Leaves oblong, deeply sinuated. Floivers large, handsome, 

 purple ; smelling strongly of musk in warm weather according to Light- 

 foot. 



2. C. acanthoides, Linn. Welted Thistle. Leaves decur- 

 rent, sinuated, spinous ; involucre globose, nearly sessile, its 

 scales linear, slightly recurved. Br. Fl. 1. p. 350. E. Fl. v. in. 

 p. 383. E. Bot. t. 973. 



Way-sides and waste places, frequent. Fl. June, July. 0. — Three 

 to four feet high, uninterruptedly winged, branched. Flowers clustered 

 at the ends of the branches, deep purple. 



3. C. tenuiflorus, Curt. Slender-JJowered Thistle. Leaves 

 decurrent, sinuated, spinous, somewhat cottony beneath ; invo- 



