Sonchus.] COMPOSITE. 159 



lucres nearly cylindrical, clustered, sessile, their scales lanceo- 

 late, erect. Br. FL 1. p. 350. E. FL v. iii. /;. 385. E. Bot. 

 t. 412. 



Waste grounds and way -sides, common. FL June, July. ©. — Two to 

 four feet high, winged the whole way up the stem with the decurrent 

 bases of the leaves. 



# * Leaves sessile. 



4. C. marianus, Linn. Milk Thistle. Leaves amplexicaul, 

 waved, spinous, the radicle ones pinnatifid ; scales of the in- 

 volucre subfoliaceous, recurved, spinous at the margin. Br. FL 

 1. p. 350. E.FLv. in. p. 386. E. Bot. t. 976.—Syliuum 

 marianum, Gcertn. Lindl. 



Waste ground and in old Churchyards. Plentiful at the old Church 

 of Kilharrick, and about Baldoyle and Howth, &c. FL July. $ . — 

 Three to five feet high. Distinguished at once by the milky veins on 

 its leaves, and the great recurved scales of the involucre. — A variety 

 which I have seen, is rarely found in England, with the dark shining 

 green leaves of the more common variety, but without having the milky 

 veins. 



Tribe III. Cichoracea?. Juss. 



Florets all ligulate and hermaphrodite. Receptacle scarcely 

 fleshy. — Sap generally milky. 



28. Sonchus. Linn. Sow-Thistle. 



Receptacle naked. Calyx imbricated, swelling at the base. 

 Down simple, sessile. — Name ; aov-^os in Greek, from aoftffios, 

 soft, in allusion to the soft nature of the stems. 



Syngenesia. jFqualis. 



1. S. arvensis, Linn. Corn Sow- Thistle. Flower-stalks 

 corymbose and involucre glandulose-hispid ; leaves denticulate, 

 cordate at the base, oblongo-lanceolate, lower ones sinuato-run- 

 cinate. Br. FL 1. p. 339. E. FL v. iii. p. 342. E. Bot. t. 

 674. 



Corn fields, frequent. FL Aug. % .—Stems 3—4 feet high. Flowers 

 very large, yellow. 



2. S. oleraceus, Linn. Common Sow- Thistle. Flower-stalks 

 subumbellate ; involucre glabrous; leaves more or less pinna- 

 tifid, lower ones stalked, upper ones lanceolate, sagittato-am- 

 plexicaul at the base, all dentato-ciliate ; fruit cancellate. Br. 

 FL ed. iii. p. 346. E. FL v. iii. p. 343. E. Bot. t. 843.— /3. asper; 

 leaves with rounded auricles, lower ones sessile ; fruit ribbed, 

 scarcely cancellate. S. oleraceus, 7. and 8. Linn, et Sm. — S. 

 asper, Hoffm — Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2765 and 2766. 



