Echium.] BORAGINE/E. 167 



Borders of fields and grarelly hanks. Plentiful near Balbriggan ; 

 also near Cork, and in the North of Ireland, as noticed by Mr. Drum- 

 mood and Mr. Templeton. FL July, Aii£. %. — Stem one to thrte 

 feet high, erect, branched. Flowers numerous, large, bright, but pale 

 blue. This is much used in France as a salad, as another species of the 

 genus C. Endivia or Garden Endive is in Britain and Ireland. The 

 roots cut into small pieces, and slightly roasted are employed as a sub- 

 stitute for Coffee in some parts of Germany, and in Belgium a portion 

 of Chichory is generally mixed with Coffee beans. In England it is 

 sometimes cultivated on dry gravelly or chalky soils as an early iodder 

 for cattle. 



Subclass III. COROLLIFLOR.E. Be Cand. 



Calyx free (not adnate with the ovary), formed of sepals 

 more or less combined. Petals united, so as to form an hypo- 

 gynous monopetalous corolla, which bears the stamens. Ovary 

 free. 



Ord. 42. BORAGINEiE. Juss. Borage Family. 



Calyx with 5 (rarely 4) divisions, persistent. Corolla hypo- 

 gynous, monopetalous, mostly regular, 5, sometimes 4-cIeft ; its 

 aestivation imbricated. Stamens inserted upon the corolla, of 

 the same number with its segments, rarety more. Ovary 4-par- 

 tite, 4-seeded or simple, and 2 — 4-celled ; ovules definite, pen- 

 dulous. Nucules 4, distinct or combined below; sometimes a 

 4-celled drupe, or a berry with 2 — 4 bony seeds. Seeds with- 

 out albumen or nearly so. Embryo inverted. — Herbs or shrubs. 

 Leaves alternate, without stipules, generally rough. Flowers fre- 

 quently in secund spikes, sometimes panicled or corymbose, some- 

 times axillary, solitary. 



1. Echium. Linn. Viper's Bugloss. 



Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a short tube; limb large, cam- 

 panulate, obliquely 5-lobed ; segments unequal; the two 

 upper largest, the lowest small, acute and reflexed. Nuts 

 covered with little tubercles. — Name from ex iS > a Viper; 

 because this, or some allied plant, was supposed to be an 

 effectual remedy against the bite of that animal. 



Pentandria. Monogynia. 



1. E. vulgare, Linn. Common Vipers Bugloss. Stem 

 bristly and warty ; stem-leaves lanceolate, bristly, single-ribbed; 

 spikes lateral, deflexed, hairy. Br. Fl. ]. p. 79. E. Fl. v. i. p. 

 268. E.Bot.L 181. 



In fields and waste ground, in a sandy or gravelly soil. Near Ban- 

 try ; Mr. J. Dnymnond. Mansficldstown, County of Louth ; 



