Calicium.] LICHENES. 77 



1. S. spharale, Ach. Thallus very thin, somewhat tartareous, 

 greyish white, cracked, bordered with black ; apotheeia minute, 

 numerous, aggregate, marginal, convex, scabrous, opaque, 

 black, on proper portions of the thallus. Ach. Syn. p. 2. Hook. 

 Eng. Flor. vol. 5, p. 165. 



On rocks, usually parasitic ; not uncommon in Kerry. Although 

 sometimes the apotheeia of this species are found on Variolaria co- 

 rallina, yet more rarely it appears to have its proper thallus, between 

 which and the adjacent thallus of the Variolaria a black limit may 

 be observed. 



2. S. dispersum, Turn, and Borr. Thallus filmy, very thin, 

 greyish ; apotheeia hemispherical, sooty black, scabrous. Turn, 

 and Borr. Lich. Br. p. 33, (on the authority of Hook. Eng. Flor. 

 vol. 5, p. 165). Eng. Bot. t 2398. 



On old oak paling, at Dunkerron, County of Kerry. Our plant 

 agrees with the figure and description in Eng. Bot. except as to the 

 colour of the nucleus, which with us is not greenish but rather of a 

 very pale brown. The presence of this nucleus is somewhat contra- 

 dictory of the Generic character. 



3. S. nigrum, Turn, and Borr. Thallus pulverulento-tarta- 

 reous, thin, continuous, white, with a narrow black edge ; apo- 

 theeia roundish, nearly flat, at length confluent, black. Turn, 

 and Borrer, Lich. Br. p. 35, (according to Hook. Eng. Flor. vol. 5, 

 p. 166). Eng. Bot. t. 2076 and t. 2077. 



On rocks ; County of Kerry. 



4. S. gregarium, Turn, and Borr. Thallus filmy, thin, grey- 

 ish, or slightly suffused with reddish ; apotheeia clustered, irre- 

 gularly oblong, of a livid hue ; gongyli vermillion-coloured, 

 superficial. Turn, and Borr. Lich. Br. p. 42, ( according to Hook. 

 Eng. Fl. vol. 5, p. \67J. Eng. Bot. t. 981. 



On the bark of trees ; common. The gongyli are collected upon 

 a compact base of the thallus, somewhat in the nature of a perithe- 

 cium. This species varies by the convexity or depression of the 

 apotheeia, by their being simple or appearing lobed from confluence, 

 by the presence or absence of the gongyli, and by the surface of the 

 apotheeia being pruinose or naked. 



* Apotheeia stipitate, or with proper stalks. 



3. Calicium. Ach. 



Thallus crustaceous, uniform," not bordered, very thin, some- 

 times none apparent; apotheeia subturbinate, or goblet-shaped, 

 stipitate, (sometimes subsessile,) enclosing a powdery mass. 

 1. C. hyperellum, Ach. Thallus granulated, subtartareous, of 



a slightly yellowish green ; apotheeia lentiform, brownish black ; 



stipes short, thick, cylindrical, black. Ach. Lich. Un. p. 237. 



Eng. Bot. t. 1832. 



On decaying timber ; near Belfast, Mr. Templeton. The crust 



