134 LICHENES. [Ltcanora. 



4. L. multipuneta, Ach. Thallus tartareous, rimoso-areolate, 

 ash-coloured ; the areola; rough, with elevated, dark points ; 

 apothecia dark brown or black, at length convex. Ach. L. Un. 

 p. 348. 



The areolae are, for the most part, tumid, subconfluent, and waved. 

 The surface is of a lead-grey, and appears harsh and rough. The 

 minute apothecia sometimes burst from a thallodal wart, as in Lecanora 

 coarctata. A thin dark substratum may be observed as a limit to the 

 thallus. Our specimens accord well with the description of Acha- 

 rius. 



5. L. coarctata, Ach. Thallus subtartareous, thin, cracked, 

 scarcely determinate, greyish, subpulverulent ; apothecia, the 

 young rising as white powdery globules, opening on the tops ; 

 the disk concave, immersed, purplish-black, at length convex, 

 pale reddish-brown ; the border irregularly split, somewhat 

 inflexed. Ach. L. Un.p. 352. Eng. Bat. t. 168. 



On stones and rocks, near Belfast, Mr. Templeton ; not uncommon 

 in the South of Ireland, sometimes in situations occasionally inun- 

 dated. The thallus in wet places has a permanent greenish hue, on 

 red sandstone rocks brownish ; but in all, the young apothecia are 

 similar and like white globules. Perhaps the Variolaria tiftea of 

 Acharius is not distinct. The lamina proligera is of a pale, dirty, 

 wax. hue, and remarkable for the size of the cellules with which it is 

 striated. 



6. L. milvina, Ach. Thallus tartareous, rather thin, areolate, 

 grey or brownish-grey, with a black filmy substratum ; apothecia 

 minute, numerous ; their disk slightly convex, dark brown ; 

 their border entire. Ach. L. Un. p. 358. Borr. in Eng. Bot. 

 Supp. t. 2662, /. 1. 



On siliceous rocks, near Bantr}', Miss Hutchins ; not uncommon 

 about Dunkerron, near Kenmare. The patches are sometimes conti- 

 nuous and wide, at other times in dispersed, minute portions : the sur- 

 face is occasionally uneven with irregular, eminent, whiter portions of 

 thallus. The warts or granulations are scattered towards the edges, 

 crowded and in contact in the centre, tumid, subject to split, angular, 

 unpolished, grey, yet sometimes assuming a brown hue from numerous 

 punctiform young apothecia, of a brown colour, with which they are 

 studded. Apothecia numerous, sessile, very minute ; the lamina pro- 

 ligera, dropping out, leaves a whitish thallodal cup. Dissection shows 

 the disk to consist of minute, brown, elevated points, the terminations 

 of opaque brown striae, continued through the lamina proligera, 

 which is pale and pellucid ; the border is evidently thallodal, contain- 

 ing green parenchymatous matter. Different specimens vary much in 

 the size of the apothecia. 



7. L. involut.a. Thallus tartareous, rather thin, in closely 

 adjacent or scattered, whitish-grey, rather flat, unpolished, 

 somewhat lobed, or crenate warts, indeterminate ; apothecia few, 

 at first globose, bursting on the summit, at length convex, pale 

 rose-reddish, finally brownish, and the border almost obliter- 

 ated. 



