86 THE GARDENER. [Feb. 



the next line that crosses it is a shrubbery outline, and it will be 

 found to be 38 feet from the edge of the drive, 12 feet from the former 

 line. Another line, e f, will be desirable — at right angles, of course ; 

 and from this point a fresh start may be made to measure right and 

 left, and further up the line, marking each measure- 

 ment between the different points. Returning to 



where we started, and measuring to the left on line 

 c d, 20 feet from the intersection of the two lines, 

 another point will be found on the outside edge of the 

 carriage-road : 33 feet from this point draw a short line 

 at right angles to c d, which will intersect the edge of 

 the drive 15 feet from c d. A similar line drawn at a 

 distance of 40 feet, will intersect it at 23 feet ; and so 

 the proper curve of the road may be found without the 

 aid of a centre. In the same way, the curve on the 

 right hand of a b may be found by drawing lines 

 from c d at various points to cross the road; and measure the 

 distances in the same way as above. These lines must be marked 

 on the ground by means of a rod at each end, and at least one 

 intermediate one. This does not apply to the short side ones, 

 only the main lines. A square will be useful to guide the tape-line 

 in placing pegs at the various points on the short lines, if a line 

 is laid down on the main lines, from which measurements are being 

 taken. At fig. 64 is represented a very simple but very useful in- 

 strument for such work as this. It is simply a piece of deal, a foot 

 of 14 inches square, fixed on to the top of a stout rod about 4 feet 

 long. On the top side of the board two lines should be drawn 

 exactly at right angles, and at' the extremity of each line a short brad 

 inserted, so that they project from the board half an inch. They 

 must be right upon the lines, and stand straight ; the ends will be 

 all the better if filed smooth and round. To show the usefulness of 

 this home-made instrument, we will again refer to fig. 63. The line 

 a b having a rod at each end and one at i, get a fourth rod and 

 place it at g, on a line with the other three ; lift this rod out, and 

 place the instrument described above in its place, and turn it round 

 till two of the brads are on a line with the rods on line a b. Now, 

 if measurements are wanted out to the right towards n, hand the 

 rod taken out at g to an assistant, with the end of a tape-line, 

 while you retain the reel, and hold it at whatever distance is re- 

 quired ; and at the same time, direct the assistant to place the rod 

 on a line with the two brads on the board, which will give you a line 

 at right angles to line a b. Just a hint more to the assistant who 

 is at the end of the line. Place the ring of the tape-line on the fore- 



