i879-] THE BRAYTON VINE SPORT. 573 



there may at first be a back current. It will, however, in most cases 

 quickly disappear, because the opposing currents will cause a certain 

 amount of mixture, and then the much colder water in the return-pipe 

 will force the whole water in the flow-pipe to advance. Any incon- 

 venience from the water in the bottom of the pipe being colder than 

 the top may be obviated by inserting a short piece of sheet-iron, twisted 

 to half a turn of a spiral, which will reverse the top and bottom water 

 as it passes, and so compel it to mingle. 



4th. There may, in certain cases, be a distinct advantage in the pro- 

 posal made (originally, I think, by Mr Connell) to carry the flow-pipe 

 as soon as possible to the summit level. This arises from the incre- 

 ments of expansion being greatest at the higher degrees of heat, and 

 may be tested by calculations in different circumstances. 



5th. Care must always be taken to have no lodgment of air in any 

 part of the pipes, else the most certain circulation may be checked or 

 stopped. Probably this was the cause of failure of J. S. W.'s appara- 

 tus, for in small-bore pipes a bubble of air often fills the pipe like 

 a plug, and, owing to capillary attraction, resists even considerable 

 pressure to move it. J. B. K. 



f THE BRAYTON VINE SPORT. 



Reference has more than once been made in ' The Gardener ' to a 

 Trebbiano Vine at Brayton Hall, Cumberland, which has for several 

 years borne some bunches of grapes, the berries of which have been of 

 extraordinary size for that, or indeed, any other variety. The other 

 bunches on the same Vine have not exceeded in size of berry what 

 Trebbiano usually grows to when well managed. When visiting 

 Brayton this autumn I saw one bunch on this Trebbiano Vine that I 

 certainly would never have taken for that Grape. On inspecting this 

 bunch closely, I could think of no Grape it so much resembled in size 

 and shape of berry as Golden Champion. The berries were immense ; 

 some of them I measured by applying a pair of compasses, and found 

 them if inch in diameter, and, of course, something more in length. 

 The berries in many cases showed a tendency to spot and crack just 

 as Golden Champion frequently does. The Vine is growing on its 

 own roots, and has never been grafted with Golden Champion or 

 any other Grape, so that "gemmules" could not get into it in that 

 way. This sport seems to be more persistent at Brayton than at 

 Culford, inasmuch as it has appeared for several successive years at 

 the former, while, so far as I know, it has not appeared a second time 

 at the latter place. It also protested against being sent from Culford 

 to Tweed Vineyard. Traveller. 



