1879.] KALOSANTHES. 319 



ment again, but meanwhile would be glad if any of your readers 

 could explain what it was that was at fault. It was not the fault 

 of arrangement of the pipes, or of the expansion-box, or of air in 

 the pipes, and the outlets and inlets of the flow and return-pipes were 

 of the same capacity. All the arrangements, indeed, were in the 

 usual orthodox manner. The experiment, so far as it went, showed 

 that the boiler had great and unusual power — the fault was in the 

 circulation. 



Had the experiment succeeded, it was my intention to have a 

 boiler fixed here, and to attach to it pipes of oval instead of circular 

 shape, that would present the same amount of heating surface as a 

 4-inch pipe, but which would contain considerably less water, and 

 be sooner heated. This, I am aware, would have necessitated a 

 more constant fire in severe weather ; still I am not sure but that 

 pipes which are soon heated and soon cooled are the best in hot- 

 houses, where it is often desirable to reduce or raise the tempera- 

 ture quickly. J. S. W. 



KALOSANTHES. 



A beautiful genus of succulent plants, forming splendid specimens 

 in a short time, when a little attention can be devoted to them. 

 The flowers, which are produced in large clusters on the points of the 

 shoots, are singularly shaped and brilliantly coloured, and a large 

 w T ell-trained specimen in full flower is a rather conspicuous object in 

 the greenhouse or conservatory. 



The best time to propagate them is in July and August, selecting 

 cuttings from shoots which are not showing flower, as there are always 

 a few of these to be found on large plants. The strongest of the 

 cuttings should be inserted singly into 60-sized pots, and three or 

 more of the w T eaker ones in a 4-inch pot, in a compost of light loam, 

 leaf-mould, and a good addition of sharp sand, the pots having pre- 

 viously been carefully crocked, with a layer of moss or rough fibry 

 material placed over them. They should then be placed in a cold 

 frame on a bed of ashes, and watered so as to wet the whole of the soil 

 in the pots, after which keep close and shade carefully for a few days 

 during the middle of the day when the sun is most powerful. In 

 such a place they will emit roots and fill the cutting pots in a very 

 short time, when the shading should be dispensed with. After they 

 are well rooted they should be shifted on into pots two or three sizes 

 larger than those they were struck in, draining them well as before, 

 and giving them a nice rich loam with a fair proportion of sand and 

 broken charcoal ; or where the latter cannot be procured, a few bricks 

 or potsherds broken very small and mixed with the soil will make a 



