318 THE GARDENER. [July 



we never have found any advantage from the method. The cuttings, when taken 

 ofT the parent bush, should be broken off by a gentle twist, so as to take with the 

 cutting what is known as a heel. If thus taken, the cuttings root much more 

 quickly, and are consequently far better young bushes. Any size of shoot will 

 do, but the best pieces are the strong healthy shoots which grow up out of the 

 heart of the bush, and which are from 12 to 18 inches in length. These cuttings 

 ought to be cut so that there will be at least 9 inches of clean stem above the 

 ground, and 3 to 4 inches undei'neath. All the buds along the stem must be 

 removed, except from three to five, according to the length and strength of the 

 cutting. These buds, being left at the top of the cutting, will the first season form 

 the foundation for a young bush. The best place to plant them is in any spare 

 piece of ground moderately rich, and net too much exposed to the influence of the 

 sun. In such a position they may be planted in rows 1 foot apart, and 6 inches 

 cutting from cutting. The trench may be thrown out 6 inches deep, and before 

 the cuttings are placed into position, an inch or two of sand and leaf-mould placed 

 in the bottom will prove of much benefit in expediting the rooting process. The 

 end of each cutting may herein be inserted, the soil filled into the trench, and 

 the whole made firm with the foot. Nothing more is necessary, save keeping 

 clean and watering, should the season prove dry. 



The raising of new varieties from seed is accomplished by selecting the finest 

 and largest fruit from some first-class variety, if there has been no artificial 

 impregnation, in which case the fruit so impregnated ought to be used. The 

 seed, having been washed from the pulp, may be laid out before the sun to dry 

 upon sheets of paper, after which they may be sown upon a piece of prepared 

 ground containing a good deal of leaf-mould or vegetable matter, and of rather 

 a sandy nature than otherwise. The seed may be sown in drill, much in the same 

 manner as sowing onions, and in the following season they ought to make nice 

 young plants fit for transplanting in autumn into their places in nursery -lines, 

 much in the manner already recommended for cuttings. After remaining here 

 for a year, if they have done anything well, they should be nice young plants 

 similar to cuttings, and requiring much the same treatment as they require dur- 

 ing the second year of their growth. This being the case, we will now speak of 

 cuttings at one year old and seedliugs at two as one and the same thing, as the 

 management of both now and for all time coming will be exactly the same. The 

 cutting will have made from three to five shoots, according to circumstances, the 

 first year ; these at pruning-time ought to be cut back pretty near home, when 

 during the following year they will make at least twice as many shoots, which 

 the following autumn or winter ought to be cut back to about 6 inches long. At 

 this time they ought to be planted into lines 2 feet apart and 2 feet plant from plant. 

 The pruning the following season will consist only in removing any superfluous 

 shoots, and leaving all the best placed and nicest shoots at 2 or 3 inches less than 

 their natural length. This shortening back is to encourage the branching habit so 

 necessary to the furnishing of a well-managed bush. All the branches of a Goose- 

 berry ought to stand out at regular distances, the whole forming a nice hemis- 

 phere much like what we have seen well-grown Pelargoniums. Some kinds are 

 easily managed in this way, others are not nearly so manageable, but by a judicious 

 handling of the knife some approach to it can be made in every case. 



The Gooseberry ought to be fit to plant into its permanent position at four 

 years of age from the cutting. It ought then to be a nice bush over 2 feet in 

 diameter, and bearing a nice little crop of fruit. As it is necessary to prolong 

 the season of the Gooseberry as much as possible, various positions must be chosen 

 for it. For the earlier varieties a situation having a fine southerfi exposure ought 



