226 THE GARDENER. [May 



inserted in the wood of the same year's growth ; but the AValnut-tree appears to 

 form an exception, possibly in some measure because its buds contain within 

 themselves in the spring all the leaves which the tree bears in the following sum- 

 mer, whence its annual shoots cease to elongate soon after its buds unfold. 



To obviate the disadvantages arising from the preceding circumstances, I 

 adopted means of retarding the period of vegetation of the stocks comparatively 

 with that of the bearing tree, and by these means I became partially successful. 

 There are at the base of the annual shoots of the Walnut and other trees, where 

 those join the year-old wood, many minute buds which are almost concealed in 

 the bark, and which rarely or never vegetate but in the event of the destruction 

 of the large prominent buds which occupy the middle and opposite end of the 

 annual wood. By inserting in each stock one of these minute buds and one of 

 the large and prominent kind, I had the pleasure to find that the minute buds 

 took freely, whilst the large all failed without a single exception." 



Where grafting is had recourse to, as in France, any of the two following methods 

 may be adopted — viz., whip or cleft grafting. The stock should be cut over in 

 winter at the desired height, and the scions ought to be takoi ofi" at the same 

 time and put in somewhere by the heels until wanted in spring. In cutting the 

 stock let it be done just above a shoot, and let the scion be inserted on the 

 opposite side. As soon as the butt of the scion begins to push, pinch the shoot 

 on the stock to check the flow of sap in that direction, and endeavour to throw 

 it over into the graft; and as soon as the scion appears to have taken a firm hold, 

 let the shoot upon the stock be entirely removed. The young tree may after 

 this just be treated as a young seedling, until it is planted into a permanent 

 position. After this little or indeed no pruning is necessary, as, if the tree is 

 left to itself, it is likely to make a finer and equally as productive a tree as if all 

 the arts of pruning were exercised upon it. 



The only enemies to the Walnut cultivator are the Zeuzera resculi, or caterpillar 

 of the wood-leopard moth, and the Cossus ligniperda, or caterpillar of the goat moth, 

 which at times attack the tree, and considerably damage the timber. It is seldom 

 that even these touch it ; and when they do, if the tree is a large one, a cure is not 

 easily effected. In the case of small trees, hand-picking and destroying are the 

 best means of getting rid of them. Late spring frosts, extending over a series of 

 years, and injuring the young and expanding shoots, are said to induce a state of 

 debility which eventually ends in the death of the tree. James M'Millan. 



{To he continued. ) 



CYPRIPEDIUM DOMINIANUM. 



In the valuable article on Cypripediums from the pen of one of their best culti- 

 vators, reference is made to the beautiful hybrids raised by Mr Dominy at the 

 Messrs Veitch's establishment, and we are indebted to thp 'Journal of Horticul- 

 ture' for the accompanying illustration of one of the best of these, which is 

 described in that publication as follows : — 



"This beautiful variety is deservedly named after Mr Dominy, so well known 

 as the successful cross-breeder of Orchids at the Messrs Veitch's. Mr Dominy 

 obtained it by crossing C. Pearci and C. caudatum. The chief points in his own 

 description of this offspring are as follows :— 



" 'Peduncle many-flowered; spathe-like bracts half the length of the ovary 



