6 THE GARDENER. [Jan. 



be so acted on ; for a few insects left still leave the enemy in possession 

 of the field, and there can be no certainty of stamping it out in this way. 

 We believe that to submerge the whole border and vines in clean water 

 would destroy the insect; but what of the eggs or larvaj? Mr Dunn, of 

 Dalkeith Gardens, when at Powerscourt, in Ireland, got rid of it in some 

 vineries there by lifting and washing the roots of the Vines, and merely 

 picking all the roots out of the soil, and mixing dry soot and caustic lime 

 with the old soil, and replanting the Vines ; and great credit is due to 

 him for the process. But we are certain that he will agree with us that 

 that process leaves some risks in the way of stamping it out ; and we 

 know of a place in England where even more radical means failed. 

 Therefore it must be admitted that the most certain way of stamping 

 out this destroyer is to burn the Vines, remove right away all the soil, 

 well salt the site of the border, and well wash and paint everything 

 connected with the vinery before fresh soil is put in. This is the 

 process that we are adopting ; and we think, in the interests of Grape- 

 growing, all who have this pest in their vinery should pursue the same 

 course. 



We will be glad to publish anything that is forwarded to us that 

 will aid in making the Phylloxera and its habits better known, and 

 that may be useful to those who wish to stamp it out. All remedies 

 that have as yet been applied to the soil — either in this country or on 

 the Continent — have failed in destroying Phylloxera from off the roots 

 of the Vine ; and it is at present an opinion that it is not very likely 

 that a remedy will be found that will do so, without, at the same time, 

 destroying the Vines; and that in lifting and cleaning and replanting 

 affected Vines, there is a risk of failure which is more certainly avoided 

 by destroying the Vines and renewing the border. 



NOTES OW HARDY CONIFERS. 



JUNIPERUS (the juniper). 



The shrubs and trees which form this large and important section of 

 the Coniferse are for the most part natives of the temperate and 

 colder regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and are with few 

 exceptions thoroughly hardy, and easily cultivated in Britain. 



All the known species are evergreen, and though very varied in 

 stature and habits of growth, the great majority of them are valuable 

 decorative plants, and as such are extensively planted on our lawns and 

 pleasure-grounds, where, though preferring a deep sandy or gravelly 

 loam, and an elevated rather than a low confined situation, they are 

 found to succeed well in ordinary soils, if well drained. 



