ACOTYLEDONS. — LICHENS. Leccinora, 49 



9. L. tartar ea, crust tartareous with clustered granules greyish 

 white, apothecia scattered, disk plano-convex a little wrinkled 

 flesh -colour, the margin inflexed at length waved. Ach. S?/7i. 



■ Lick. p. 172. Lichen iartartus, LighlJ'. p. S\l. E. B. 

 t. 156. 



y, crust thin glaucous white running out into papilhc and spinu- 

 liferous branches. Lichen frigidus, E. B. t. 18/9. 



Hab. Most abundant upon rocks, especially in the alpine districts. 

 p. on the ground, mosses, Szc. 



This is the famous Cudbear (so called after a Mr. Cuthbert, who first 

 brought it into use) em])loyed to produce apurple for dyeing wool- 

 len yarn ; and no wliere, perliaps, used to so great an extent 

 as in the manufactory of Mr. Mackintosli at Glasgow. The manu- 

 facturers import it largely from Norway, where it grows more abun- 

 dantly than with us ; yet in the Highland districts many an indus- 

 trious peasant gets a living by scraping this Lichen with an iron 

 hoop, and sending it to the Glasgow market. When I was in the 

 neighbourhood of Fort Augustus, in 1807, a person could earn 

 14,9. per week at this work, selling the material at 3a\ 4d. the stone 

 of 22 lbs. The fructified specimens are reckoned the best. 



10. L. vilellina, crust granulated bright yellow, apothecia 

 crowded, the disk plane of the same colour as the crust at 

 length convex deeper coloured and powdery, tiie margin ele- 

 vated thin at length waved pulverulent. Ach. Syn. Lich. 

 p. 174. Lichen vitellinus^ E. B. t. 1792. L. candelarius, a. 

 Light/, p. 800. 



Kab. On pales and smooth wood exposed to tlie weather, common, 

 Liglitf., Ilopk. 



1 1. L. erythrella, crust cracked subrugose greenish yellow, apo- 

 thecia at length subglobose deep orange shining, when the 

 entire margin becomes obliterated. Ack. Syn. Lich. p. 175. 

 E, B. t. 1993. 



Hab. On stone walls near Killin, at the head of LochTay, Mr. Tur- 

 ner and Hook. 



ttttt Diiik of the Apothecia red. 



12. L. rubra, crust submembranaceous smooth at length un- 

 equal pulverulent and granular white, a])othecia crowded, the 

 disk concave red, margin tumid inflexed crenulate. Ach. 

 Syn. Lich. p. 177. Lichen Ulmi, E. B. t. 2218. 



Hab. On trunks of trees at the foot of Ben Lawers, Mr. Mackait. 



13. L. Hcematonima, crust tartareous pulverulent whitish, ap.o- 

 thecia imbedded scattered subconfluent, the disk scarlet rather 

 convex, the margin sometimes obliterated. yJch. Syn. Lich. 

 p. 178. Lich. HcBmaiomma, E. B. t. 486, and p. 223 

 {Lich. coccineus). 



Hab. Rocks on Sahsbiu-v craigs, ^S'ir J. E. Smith. Ro-sslyn WGieid; and 



