68 ACOTYLEDONS. — LICHENS. RmnaVina. 



for which purpose the Laplanders cut down the trees that the Lichen 



may be devoured from the topmost branches. 

 2. A. sarmenlosa, thallus roundish angular somewhat pitted 



dichotomous pale yellowish, the extremities much branched 



lax and slender, apothecia rather concave livid pruinose at 



length flattened. Jkli. Syn. Lull. p. 293. Lichen sarmen- 



tosus, E. B. t. 2040. 

 Hab. Cairn-gorum, near the summit upon rocks. Hook. Ben Luy- 



hal, in Sutherland, on the ground on the summit, Mr. Borrer and 



Hook. 



30. RAMALINA. 



Vniveraal receptacle cartilaginous, with a central solid thread 

 within, branched and laciniated, somewhat shrubby, generally 

 bearing warts. Partial recept. scutelliform, thickish, pedi- 

 cellate and subpeltate, plane, margined, entirely formed of 

 the thallus, and nearly of the same colour. 



1. R. fraxinea, thallus plane linear laciniated greyish white gla- 

 brous but rugoseand pitted subreticulated the ultimate branches 

 attenuated, apothecia mostly marginal plane pale-flesh co- 

 loured. Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 296. Lichen fraxineus, Light/. 

 p.SS5. E.B.t.USl. 



Hab. Trunks and branches of trees, particularly oaks and ashes, 



frequent, 

 A variable species, especially in the breadth and ramifications of the 



thallus. 



2. R. fastigiata, thallus compressed glabrous pitted branched 

 glaucous white, branches thickened and fastigiated upwards, 

 apothecia numerous terminal peltate subscssile white. Ach. 

 Stjn. Lich. p. 296. Lichen fastig., E. B. t. 890. 



/3. calicaris, thallus and branches elongated, branchlets cylindri- 

 cal atteimated pitted and channelled, apothecia subterminal 

 appendiculated beneath. Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 297. Lichen 

 calicaris, Light/, p. 834. 



Hab. Rocks and trees. 



3. R. 5cop^^/omm, thallus compressed glabrous somewhat pitted 

 branched yellowish grey, branches linear attenuated, apothecia 

 scattered on short stalks of the same colour as the' thallus. 

 Ach. Sijn. Lich. p. 297. Lichen scopidorum, E. B. t. 688. 



Hab. Rocks l)y the sea-coast. Most abundant on the " Standing 

 stones of Stonhouse," in Pomona, Orkney, Mr. Borrer and Hook. 



4. R. farinacea, thallus compressed glabrous somewhat pitted 

 bearing powdery warts rigid branched greyish or greenish 

 white, branches linear attenuated, apothecia scattered on 

 short stalks plane somewhat margined whitish. Ach. Syn. 

 Lich. p. 298. Lichen farinaceus. Light/, p. 833. E. B. 

 t. 889. 



Hab. Trunks of trees, frequent, but rare in fructification. 



