XVill CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 
one of the sections of Rubiacee. 13. Asperifolie. 14. Verticillate, or 
the Labiate of Jussieu, and Didynamia angiospermia of Linneus. 15. 
Polysperme, or those with many apparently naked seeds, as Ranunculus, 
Malva, Potentilla, and Alisma; a most unnatural assemblage. 16. Po- 
mifere, the fruit of which resembled an apple, and among these the gourds 
and passion-flowers. 17. Baccifere, or every herb with a berry, whether 
& potato or asparagus. 18. Multisilique, such as Aquilegia and Sedum, 
that had a fruit of apparently several pods. 19, Ditripetale, containing 
principally Tillandsia, but seemingly not understood by Ray himself. 21. 
Tetrapetale, with either a long or a short pod; not, however, confined to 
the Cruciferee of Jussieu, but comprehending Veronica, Euphorbia, Plan- 
tago, etc, 22. Papilionacee or Leguminose, including Fumaria. 23. 
Pentapetale, as Dianthus, Cistus, Hypericum. 24. Pentapetaloide, or 
those with a monopetalous corolla, so divided as almost to resemble five 
petals, among which are enumerated Erythriea, Apocynum, Oxalis, ete. ; 
but indeed the 19th, 23rd, and the present classes are much confused by 
the author. 25. Bulbose and their allies, including a great part of the 
monocotyledones, as Liliacem, Asphodelia, Orchidex, or Iridee. 26. 
Graminifoliz, comprehending the Grasses, Cyperacee, and Juncer. 27. 
Anomalew, or those herbs, as N ymphiea, Pipea, and Polygala, that were 
not reducible to any of these. 
; under which Ray ranked the Amentacee and Co- 
nifere, the Elm, the Mulberry, 
flower and fruit collected togethe: 
catw, with an inferior, fleshy, or pulpy fruit; a hetevogeneous set. 32. 
Non-umbilicatz, or those where 
fruit; these are again divided into Pruniferee, Baccife 
33. Vasculifere, or trees with a dry fruit. 34. Siliquose, or trees or 
shrubs, bearing a legume, follicle, or any of such elongated fruits. 35. 
Anomale, or such as are not referrible to any of the above. 
Most authors enumerate only thirty-three classes, omitting the 24th and 
30th, but which, nevertheless, form part of his arrangement, Ray’s prin- 
cipal division into herbs and trees is extremely faulty, and separates planis 
otherwise closely allied. His method, however, being a great approxi- 
tves much praise; and we believe it was the 
_ Opinion of the late Sir J. E. Smith, who was well qualified to judge, that 
8. 
