CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. xXIx 
species ; and it is difficult to say whether he deserves most honour for his 
new classification, or for the attempt to characterise the genera and species. 
The method of Tournefort is composed of twenty-two classes, of which 
the characters are derived—first, from the consistence and size of the stem— 
thus dividing vegetables into herbs or suffruticose plants and shrubs, or 
trees, in which respect his system is subject to the same fault as that of 
Ray, notwithstanding Rivinus, an intervening botanist, had demonstrated 
the absurdity of such a division ; secondly, from the presence or absence 
of the corolla ; thirdly, from the flower being simple or solitary, or com- 
pound, or united into a common involucrum ; fourthly, from the corolla 
being of one (or gamopetalous) or of several petals; and, fifthly, from its 
regularity or irregularity. His classes are :— 
HERBS OR UNDERSHRUBS. 
§ 1. Flowers Simple or Solitary. 
. Flowers monopetalous, Campaniform. 
Flowers monopetalous, Infundibuliform and Rotate. 
. Flowers monopetalous, Anomalous. 
. Flowers monopetalous, Labiate. 
. Flowers polypetalous, Cruciform. 
- Flowers polypetalous, Rosaceous. 
. Flowers polypetalous, Rosaceous Umbellate. 
- Flowers Liliaceous. 
. Flowers polypetalous, Caryophyllaceous.. 
. Flowers polypetalous, Anomalous. 
§ 2. Flowers Compound. 
12. Flowers Flosculose. 
13. Flowers Semi-flosculose. 
14. Flowers Radiate. 
§ 3. Herbs without Petals. 
15. Flowers Apetalous or Staminiferous. 
16. Flowers absent, Seed present. 
17. Flowers and Fruit invisible. _ 
TREES AND SHRUBS. 
18. Flowers Apetalous. 
19. Flowers Apetalous, Amentaceous. 
20. Flowers Monopetalous. _ 
21. Flowers Rosaceous. 
22. Flowers Papilionaceous. _ 
In the 3rd class, the term anomalous means irregular, but not labiate ; 
in the 11th, irregular, but not papilionaceous. A liliaceous flower, as in 
the 9th class, he afterwards explains to be a regular corolla of six or three 
petals, or even a monopetalous one with six divisions, but always having a 
_— 
MOOT ATR wD 
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fruit of three cells. The 16th contains the Ferns; the 17th the other 
Cryptogamia, which, he says, were commonly destitute of both flower and — 
fruit. Such were the twenty-two classes established by Tournefort. Each 
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