CONIUM MACULATUM. 225 
_ by the absence of spots on the stem; by the swelling under each 
joint; by the absence of the general involucre ; by the roughness 
of the frwt,; and by the absence of the strong, unpleasant 
odour when the leaves are bruised. The Cherophyllum bulbo- 
sum has a spotted stem, but its swelled joints and rough seeds 
distinguish it from the Hemlock. 
GrocRapuicaL Disrrisution.—Hemlock is a native through- 
out the whole of Europe; of the eastern parts of Asia, North 
America, and Chili, where it has been introduced. 
Locauirizs.—In hedges, orchards, waste grounds, and on 
rubbish and dunghills, especially near towns and villages; fre- 
quent. 
PARTs USED IN MEDICINE, AND Mone or PREPARATION.— 
The Leaves and Flowering Stem, which are gathered in the 
month of June. The juice is expressed, and treated in the 
manner ordered for fresh plants. 
PuysiotocicaL Errecrs.—Onx Vegetables. Marcet (Ann. de 
Chim. et Phys., xxiv. 219) found that a haricot plant (Pha- 
seolus vulgaris) was almost immediately affected by being 
placed in a solution of five grains of the extract of Hemlock, and 
was completely shrivelled up in the course of forty-eight hours. 
On Animals.—Although Conium has been found poisonous 
to swine and other animals, yet sheep, goats, and horses will 
generally eat it with impunity; and Ray states, that thrushes 
will eat:the seeds, which are more potent than the leaves, even 
when corn is to be had. Hemlock appears to be more preju- 
dicial to carnivorous than to herbivorous animals. 
Rozier (Tableau, tom. i. 1773) states that three spoonfuls of 
the juice given to a cat, killed it in a quarter of an hour. Orfila 
(Lox. Gén., vol. ii, p. 309) found that the powder and extract 
were generally harmless when given to animals, but that the 
juice or leaves of the fresh plant produced the most violent 
symptoms and death. Moiroud (Pharm. Vét., 359) has given 
three pounds and a half of the plant to a young horse without 
inconvenience; but in another case, the decoction of four ounces 
