416-2 
rarely monadelphous ; the fifth, or anterior, and in diandrous species the adjacent 
pair also, rudimentary or sterile; rarely the four fertile stamens are equal. List 
dimerous, each carpel deeply 2-parted or lobed; ovary 4-parted or lobed; lobes 
uniovulate; ovad:s mostly amphitropous or anatropous and erect; style filiform, 
mostly 2-cleft and 2-stigmatose at the apex. fruit 4 akene-like nutlets, surround- 
ing the base of the stigma, in the bottom of the persistent calyx ; #aé/ets smooth 
or barely roughish. Ayméryo straight except in Scutellarinee ; cotyledons plane or 
plano-convex ; vadicle inferior ; albumen slight or none. 
The proven plants of this order, besides the six treated of in this work, are: 
the Mediterranean Germander (Zeucrium Marum, Linn.), a noted feline aphro- 
disiac; the European, West Asiatic, and North African Pennyroyal (J/entha 
pulegium, Linn.), which is deemed emmenagogue, and antispasmodic; the South 
American Alfavaca (Ocimum canum, D. C.), which is used, in Brazil, as a sudorific, 
especially in diseases of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra; the East Indian 
Ocimum Basilicum, Linn., used by the natives as a palliative for the pains of par- 
turition; Sweet Marjoram (Oviganum Marjorana, Linn.), a cultivated form of O. 
vulgare; the Cape Plectranthus fruticosus, L. Herit.; the Mediterranean Rose- 
mary (Rosmarinus officinalis, Linn.), an antihysteric and emmenagogue; and the 
European and Siberian Betony (Stachys Betonica, Benth.), a sternutatory, emetic 
and purgative. 
A large number of species of this order have figured, more or less, in general 
and domestic practice, as stimulant, antispasmodic, carminatives, and jucunda for 
unpleasant drugs. A few of them only will be mentioned here, that the order 
may be well understood. The European, Asiatic, and African Lavender (Laven- 
dula vera, D.C.), a carminative, antihysteric, and antiflatulent. The European 
Spearmint (Mentha viridis, Linn.), which is also considered stomachic; the Euro- 
pean, Asiatic, and African Marjoram (Origanum vulgare, Linn.), a mild tonic, 
diaphoretic, and emmenagogue; and the Mediterranean Thyme (Z7hymus vulgaris, 
Linn.), lauded as a local stimulant and rubefacient, in carious teeth, rheumatism, 
sprains, etc, The leaves of the Mediterranean Sage (Sa/via officinalis, Linn.), are 
well known as a light, bitter tonic, anti-emetic, diaphoretic, and astringent. The 
American Horsemint (Monarda punctata, Linn.), is considered diaphoretic, em- 
menagogue, diuretic, and rubefacient. The European and West Asiatic Catmint, 
or Catnip (Nepeta Cataria, Linn.), so well known in all country households, has 
been used, from time without date, as a stimulant, antispasmodic, and emmena- 
gogue, in chlorosis, amenorrhcea, and various low type female disorders. Like 
Marum Verum it is a feline aphrodisiac. The European Horehound (Marubium 
vulgare, Linn.), is diaphoretic, diuretic, pectoral, and emmenagogue, and much 
used in confections, for asthma, phthisis, tussis, night-sweats, as well as in uterine 
and visceral affections, The South European Hyssop (/yssopus officinalis, Linn.) ; 
Balm (AZelissa officinalis, Linn.) ; Summer and Winter Savories (Satureia horten- 
sis, and montana, Linn.) ; and Dittany of Crete (Oviganum Dictamnus, Linn.), are 
all considered antiflatulent, antihysteric, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, etc., and 
are used in chlorosis, amenorrhcea, hypochondriasis, and kindred affections. The 
