N. ORD.—LABIAT&A, 119 
Tribe.—SATUREIEA. 
GENUS.—COLLINSONIA,* LINN. 
SEX. SYST.—DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
COLLINSONIA. 
STONE-ROOT. 
SYN.—COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS, LINN.; C. DECUSSATA, MGN.; C. 
OVALIS, PURSH. 
COM. NAMES.—STONE-ROOT, HORSE-WEED, HORSE-BALM, OX-BALM, 
KNOT-ROOT, KNOB-ROOT, GRAVEL-ROOT, RICH-WEED,} RICH-LEAF, 
HEAL-ALL,t HARDHACK:;? (FR.) BAUME DE CHEVAL; (GER.) CANA- 
DISCHE COLLINSONIE. 
A TINCTURE OF THE ROOT OF COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS, LINN. 
Description.—This glabrous perennial herb grows to a height of from 2 to 4 
feet. Root nodular, depressed, and very hard and stone like; stem erect, some- 
what 4-angled. Leaves opposite, petioled, ample, thin, varying from broadly ovate 
to oblong, tapering at the base, pointed at the apex, very veiny, and coarsely, 
sharply, and irregularly serrate. n/lorescence a naked, terminal, racemose, gland- 
ular-puberulent panicle; flowers lemon-yellow and lemon-scented. Cadyx ovate, 
short, 10-nerved, lengthened in fruit, bearded midway in the throat, and containing 
a little honey-gland that partly surrounds, and is larger than, the two upper nut- 
lets; ifs 2, the upper flattened and 3-toothed, the lower 2-parted. Coro//a elon- 
gated, somewhat infundibuliform, and having a bearded ring at the insertion of the 
filaments ; fs 2, the lower larger, pendent, irregularly fimbriate, and bearded down 
the inner median line. Stamens 2 (the posterior pair wanting), much exserted, not 
declined, and spirally coiled in the bud; //aments long and straight, somewhat 
divergent; anthers introrse, 2-celled, the cells divaricate and contiguous. Style 
long, filiform, protruding toward one or the other stamen, and bifurcated at the 
apex into unequal lobes. Seeds triticose, carunculate. 
History and Habitat—The Stone-Root is indigenous to North America, where 
it ranges from Canada to Wisconsin, and southward to Florida, being particularly 
abundant in the North, and along the Allegheny Mountains. It habits rich woods, 
and flowers from July to September. The original specimen of this plant was sent 
to Peter Collinson, a promoter of science in England, by John Bartram, in 1735; 
he afterward forwarded it to Linnaeus, who named the species in his honor. 
¥ In honor of Peter Collinson, F.L.S. (See “ History and Habitat.’’) 
+ The true Rich-weed is Prlea pumila, Gray (Urticacez). 
t Properly, Brunella vulgaris, Linn. _ s : 
2 This vulgarism denotes Spirea tomentosa, Linn. (Roseacese). 
