N. ORD.—URTICACE. ' 152 
S. ORD.—ULMACEA. 
GENUS.—CELTIS,* LINN. 
SEX, SYST.—POLYGAMIA MONCECIA. 
Cit 4 ts. 
HACKBERRY. 
SYN.—CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS, LINN.; C. AUDIBERTIANA, SPACH. 
COM. NAMES.—HACKBERRY TREE, AMERICAN NETTLE TREE, SUGARBERRY, 
BEAVER-WOOD; (FR.) SUCRE BAIE; (GER.) ZUCKERBEERE. 
A TINCTURE OF THE FRESH INNER BARK OF CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS, L. 
Description. This medium-sized tree grows to a height of 30 to 50 feet. 
Trunk very straight, about 8 or 10 inches in diameter; wood soft; dark very rough 
and corky, easily detached. eaves petiolate, reticulated, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 
smooth and scabrous above, downy pubescent beneath; dase oblique or sometimes 
cordate; margin sharply, and plentifully or sparingly serrate, especially toward the 
tip, at the base often entire; stipules, caducous. /nflorescence moneeciously polyg- 
amous, somewhat racemose along the upper shoots of the season. /dowers 
appearing with the leaves and before they are developed; stevie flowers grouped 
in twos and threes along the lower and leafless portion of the young shoots; 
fertile or polygamous flowers racemosely arranged at the leafy end of the shoot, 
the peduncles in the axils. Cadyx 5-6 parted, persistent in the female; /odes more 
or less ovate-lanceolate, acute. Stamens, as many as the lobes of the calyx and 
opposite them; fZaments curved inward and downward, inserted at the base of the 
calyx lobes; anthers large, sagittate, versatile and introrse, two-celled, with a 
longitudinal dehiscence. Ovayy 1-celled; ovude anatropous; stzgmas 2, sessile or 
nearly so, being in fact merely two lobes of the style divergently spreading and 
stigmatose upon the inner (now upper) surface. /ruz¢ a dark purple, sweet and 
edible, globular drupe, of about the same appearance and size as a wild cherry; 
peduncles about twice the length of the petioles; exocarp coriaceous, divided into 
two equal parts by a prominent, circumvallating ridge. Nwélet spherical, about 
the size of a cherry-stone, pointed at the end and divided into four equal, rugose, 
portions by as many prominent ribs; edéryo curved, almost completely enclosing 
the gelatinous albumen. . 
Urticaceew.—This large family, now including the Ulmacee, Artocarpee and _ 
Cannabinez, consists of trees furnished with a milky juice, and shrubs and herbs © 
food of the Lofophagi. (See, however, under Leguminose, p. 4-62.) 
’ * The ancient Greek name for the Lotus-berry, the fruit of the Lote (C. australis, Linn.), supposed to have been the Sa ee 
