466-2 
are useful for the preservation of woollens and furs, it being an excellent insectifuge ; 
for this purpose, also, many people scatter the chips in their closets, trunks, ete. 
Sir W. Hooker considers Juniperus Virginiana identical with the European 
J. Sabina, the only true point of distinction being in the fruit (Figs. 6 and 8); that 
of J. Virginiana being erect and somewhat ovate, while that of J. Sabina is pendent 
or at least pendulous, larger, and more spherical, The leaves of J. Virginiana are 
much less rich in oil, the yield being nearly eighteen times less from this species 
than from Sabina. 
_ The leaves of the Cedar are used by the Cree Indians as a diuretic ;* they 
also form a good epispastic when made into a cerate; the berries, in decoction, are 
diaphoretic and emmenagogue; the oil is largely used as an application in arthritic 
and podagric affections, rheumatic, rheumatoid, traumatic; and the excrescences 
(cedar apples), often found upon the branchlets, are quite extensively used in 
domestic practice, in doses of from ten to thirty grains every four hours, as an 
anthelmintic. 
In reference to the Western Juniper, ¥. occ¢dentalis, Mr. J. R. Dodge says:+ 
“The fruit of this tree is a large and tuberculated berry, sweet and nutritious, 
especially when it is first ripe; nevertheless it has a resinous taste, similar to that 
of all Junipers. It is largely consumed by the Indians of Arizona and New 
Mexico, who gather great quantities for winter store. When dried and ground 
into flour, mixed with water, kneaded into a hard mass, and dried in the sun, it 
has a chaffy look, a brownish-yellow color, is very light, easily digested, and not 
offensive. . . . . . . Mexicans consume this fruit in large quantities, and 
it constitutes an article of trade among them.” 
Juniperus Virginiana is not officinal in the U. S. Ph. In the Eclectic Materia 
Medica the preparations are: Olenm Funipert Virginianee and Linamentum Olet.t 
PART USED AND PREPARATION.—The fresh young twigs, gathered in 
May, are dealt with as in the preceding drug, The resulting tincture has a deep 
reddish-brown color by transmitted light, a strong balsamic odor, a bitterish, 
astringent and pleasant terebinthic taste, and an acid reaction. 
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS.— Cedren, C,,H,,.§ This aromatic body, having 
no camphoraceous odor, a specific gravity of .948, and boiling at 237° (458.6° F.), 
may be obtained from the liquid portion of the oil that distils over at 264°-268° 
(507.3°-514.4° F.), by redistillation over metallic potash. 
Oil of Cedar.—This aromatic oil is obtained from the wood by distillation, 
one bushel of chips yielding about a half pint. When extracted, it results as a 
soft white crystalline mass at 27° (80.6° F.), having a peculiar aromatic odor ; 
when dry it distiis almost entirely at 282° (539.6° F.). Cedar oil has a more — 
| feeble odor than that of Sabina, and a different polarity. 
* Haydon, E. M. Holmes, 4m. Four. Phar., 1884, 619. 
t Food-products of the N. A. Indians, U. S. Ag. Rep. 1870, 411. 
t Oils of Cedar, Cajeput, Cloves, and Sassafras. 
_ 4 Gerhardt ( Wittstein), 
