534 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Escallonia—continued. 
lower peduncles simple, axillary ; upper ones racemose. June. 
l. ovate-elliptic, bluntish, serrated, shining, glandularly dotted 
below. Branches — glandular. A. 3ft. to 6ft. Chiloe, 
1848. (B. M. 4473.) The variety sanguinea has deep red 
flowers. 
E. montevidensis (Monte Video). A synonym of E. floribunda. 
E. o: ensis (Organ Mountains).* fl., petals deep rose-colour, 
five, spathulate, the claws erect, linear, so closely placed as to 
form a tube; limb exactly horizontally patent, oval or obovate, 
obscurely crenate at the margin. Z. alternate, oblong, copious, 
erect, somewhat imbricated, glossy, rigid, dark green above, 
with a red margin, rather obtuse at the point, tapering at the 
base into a short petiole. Stems and branches rich red-brown. 
— to 4ft. Organ Mountains, 1844. A lovely piant. (B. M. 
E. Philippiana (Philippi’s). f white; panicles terminal and 
lateral, densely crowded. July. Z. rich green, somewhat spathu- 
late, serrated. Valdivia, 1873. (G. C. n. s., x. 109.) 
E. pterocladon (winged-branched). fl. white and pink, small, 
wen July. l. verysmall. h.4ft. Patagonia, 1854. (B. M. 
E. pulverulenta (dusted). if white ; petals obovate; racemes 
terminal, erect. June. /. elliptic, obtuse, on short petioles, ser- 
rulated, rather clammy above, when young. Branches rather 
erect, somewhat trigonal. Shrub ees in every part. h. 6ft. 
to 10ft. Chili, 1831. (S. B. F. G. ii.,310.) 
E. punctata (dotted). fi. one to four, rarely more, in terminal 
corymbs, sub-erect; corolla deep dar . July. l bright 
green, sessile, or narrowed into-a very short petiole, elliptic- 
ovate, acute, finely serrated, the serration often irregular ; 
upper surface glossy, with deeply —— veins ; under paler, 
smooth, glabrous, or glandular pubescent, or gland-dotted. 
h. 3ft. to 6ft. Chili. A much-branched evergreen shrub. SYN. 
E. rubra punctata. This is easily distinguished from E., rubra 
by the stalked glands upon the young shoots, &c. (B. M. 6599.) 
E. rubra (red).* fl. red; petala spathulate ; peduncles two to 
seven-flowered, bracteate. July to September. /. obovate-oblong, 
acuminated, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath. Branches 
erect, when young clothed with glandular hairs. h. 3ft. to 6ft. 
Chili, 1827. Shrub smoothish. (B. M. 2890.) 
E, r, punctata (red-dotted). A synonym of E, punctata. 
ESCALLONIÆ. A tribe of Saxifrageæ (which 
see). ; 
ESCHALOT. See Shallot. 
ESCHSCHOLTZIA (named in honour of J. F. Esch- 
scholtz, M.D., 1793-1831, a celebrated ist, who 
accompanied Kotzebue round the world). Syn. Chryseis. 
ORD. Papaveracee. Very ornamental hardy annual or 
perennial glabrous and glaucescent herbs. Sepals coher- 
ing in the form of a cap, deciduous. Leaves much 
divided into narrow segments. Perhaps all the Esch- 
scholtzias here described are mere forms of one very 
variable species. These showy plants are largely em- 
ployed in decorating flower borders in spring, summer, 
and autumn. They are of very easy culture in ordinary 
garden soil. Seeds may be sown in spring or autumn, 
in places where they are to flower. ; 
E. californica (Californian).* fl. bright yellow, large. Summer. 
l, glaucous, tripinnatifid ; segments linear. h. lift. North-west 
America, 1790. Perennial. From this, the first species intro- 
duced, have a legion of varieties with flowers of a white, 
pinkish, or idle yellow colour. 
- E. c. cæspitosa (tufted). A. yellow, about lin. across. 
—— * “orem into — —— — — 
v pre: ittle annual, with a close, compac it, an 
much branched near the base. Syn. E. tenuifolia. (B. M. 4812.) 
E. c. crocea yw). * deep rich orange. Summer. h. lft. 
California, iS Ot thits ony biennial, there are numerous 
forms, inclu white, iped d double - 
— —— luding , red, striped, and a do orange 
E. — — A synonym of E. c. cæspitosa. 
In addition to the foregoing, very showy garden forms have been 
A ĉi . T P = 
crimson flowered sort agree” (a gorgeous orange 
ESPALIERS. A term applied to a mode of training 
fruit-trees in the open ground, either as permanent features 
or preparatory to placing them on walls or on a trellis 
inside a house. Many methods are employed, some of a 
temporary, and others of a permanent, character. For a 
. Single tree, a row of stakes about 5ft. high, driven in the 
ground, Yin. apart, is suitable. A narrow strip of wood 
is generally laid on the tops of the stakes, and a nail driven 
into each, to hold them firmly. Frnit-trees trained as 
Espaliers—continued. 
Espaliers, to separate borders running parallel to walks 
from the inside garden, sometimes have strained wires 
fixed for the purpose. Another mode is to have end 
posts, to which are secured top and bottom rails, with 
vertical strips of wood nailed to them. ‘The trees 
may be trained to any desired shape as Espaliers, in the 
same way as if they were on walls. Full exposure to light 
Os dn ap Ae 
Fig. 736. FRUIT-TREE TRAINED UPRIGHT AS AN ESPALIER. 
on both sides is obtained by proper thinning; but the 
advantages of a wall regarding the protection afforded 
cannot, of course, be similarly secured. An upright- 
trained fruit-tree is shown in Fig. 736; the stem is 
represented rather higher than is usual with trees trained 
in this way. Stakes at each end, and an Espalier frame 
fixed to them, would suit such a tree best; or one each — 
of the former might be inserted to the upright branches 
separately. See also Training. 
ESPARTO GRASS. See Stipa tenacissima. 
ESPELETIA (named in honour of Don Jose de 
Espeleta, a Viceroy of New Grenada). ORD. Composite. 
A genus containing about eleven species of remarkable 
greenhouse woolly-leaved plants. Flower-heads yellow, 
sometimes lin. or more across, corymbose. Leaves alter- 
` nate, or rarely opposite, entire, lanceolate or linear, wholly 
covered with dense white or rusty-coloured wool. They 
thrive in a sandy-peat soil, and should be kept in a dry 
and airy part of the greenhouse. During damp weather, 
in winter, the plants should only receive sufficient water to 
keep the soil moist, and care must be taken that the 
woolly leaves are not wetted. The species here described 
are the only ones yet in general cultivation. 
argentea (silve: .-heads $ , the 
— tlio to n florets bc A wed ——— 
membranaceous scale. July. l. narrow-lanceolate, densely 
and strigose on both sides. h. 5ft. to 6ft. New Grenada, tee 
A very remarkable plant. (B. M. 4480.) 
diflora (large-flowered). /l.-heads yellow, large. Summer. 
l. lanceolate. h. 10ft. New Grenada. This species yields a gum- 
resin of a beautiful yellow colour, which is largely employed 
by the native printers in the composition of their inks. 
ETIOLATION. Se Blanching. 
EUADENTA (from eu, well, and aden, a gland; in 
allusion to the appendix at the base of the gynophore 
terminating in about five minute spherical knobs). ORD. 
Capparidee. A genus of two or three species of stove 
herbs or sub-shrubs, from tropical Africa, only the one 
described below having yet been introduced to cultiva- 
tion. It thrives in a well-drained loamy soil. Cuttings 
strike readily in bottom heat. 
into a long claw; two lower ones smaller, —s forward ; 
petals 
pairs of jets on each branch.” "West tropical Africa, 1880. 
(B. M. 6518) & 
s 
— — 
