AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 535 
EUCALYPTUS (from eu, well, and kalypto, to cover 
as with a lid; limb of the calyx covering the flower before 
expansion, and afterwards falling off in one piece, in the . 
shape of a lid or cover). Gum-tree. Including Eudesmia. 
ORD. Myrtacew. A genus of 140 or more species of tall 
evergreen greenhouse trees, with very few exceptions 
natives of Australia, where they constitute a large por- 
tion of the forest vegetation. Peduncles axillary, one- 
flowered, or bearing an umbel of from three to fifteen 
flowers. Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, usually alternate, 
very variable, even in the same tree, quite glabrous except 
in a very few of the species. It is worthy of remark that 
the Gum Trees, though among the largest trees in the 
world, have very small, or even minute, seeds. In their 
native country, the Eucalypti form extensive forests, 
and grow very fast, some of them reaching an immense 
height and having trunks in the same proportion. The 
timber is extremely durable, and is largely used by colonial 
ship-builders, implement-makers, engineers, &c. None of 
the species attain a size sufficiently large for use as timber 
in this country, as they are not hardy enough to withstand 
a severe winter outside. Several succeed on a south wall 
with protection in winter, and all are useful decorative 
greenhouse plants. They are called Gum Trees in conse- 
quence of the quantity of gum that exudes from their 
trunks. ŒE. globulus, the Blue Gum, one of the most 
valuable timber trees of the Southern hemisphere, is also 
largely cultivated in many parts of the world, especially 
in the Mediterranean region and in malarious districts 
in Italy. Further, it is the species grown more than 
others in this country for its value in sub-tropical gar- 
dening, the leaves being of a distinct glaucous hue, and 
quite different from those of any other plant similarly 
employed. Enucalypti are best raised from imported seeds, 
which generally vegetate freely. They should be sown 
thinly in pots or pans of light sandy soil, and placed in 
a little heat. E. globulus, when intended to be used for 
sub-tropical bedding or for a group on a lawn, is best 
sown in August and grown on through the winter for use 
the following season. By this method, much larger and 
better plants may be obtained than when sowing is de- 
ferred till spring. It is best to raise new plants each year, 
as lifted ones do not regain their beauty of the preceding 
season, and they cannot be depended on to stand outside, 
at least, not in many places. Being fast growing plants, 
considerable space must be allowed when they become 
established, either in the open ground or in pots. A rather 
rich soil, composed of loam and decayed manure, with the 
addition of some charcoal, to keep it open, is most suit- 
able. ŒE. citriodora is very useful for growing in small 
pots for the conservatory, its scented leaves rendering it 
a general favourite. Comparatively few of the species 
are grown in this country. 
-leaved), 
? 3260. 
the Museum, No. 1, at Kew, there is a ph h of the base 
of a tree from own as ‘* Big Ben.” e tree measured 
56ft. in circumference, at * was 400ft. 
high. This species 
forms the highest of all known trees; one is recorded measuri 
E. calophylla (beautiful-leaved). fl. rather large, in a terminal 
corymbose panicle, with one or two sometimes in the upper axils ; 
enibais loose; peduncles , or nearly terete; pedicels 
lon; than the calyx tube. l. ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lan- 
ceolate, obtuse or mucronate, acute, rather rigid, with numerous 
transverse parallel veins, the intramarginal one scarcely distant 
from the edge. A very beautiful tree. (B. M. 4036, er name 
of E. splachnicarpa.) 
E. citriodora (lemon-scented).* l. oblong-lanceolate, covered 
with glandular hairs, which, when — rubbed, emit a power- 
ful odour, resembling that of the lemon-scented 
’ Australia. An interesting greenhouse plant. 
E. coccifera (Coccus-bearing).* fi. purple ; peduncles axillary or 
—* or slightly — bearing each an umbel of 
four to eight flowers. December. l. in the usual form mostly 
ovate-lanceolate, falcate and very oblique at the base, more or 
less $ 6in. long, thick with very oblique distant 
Aloysia. 
Eucalyptus—continued. 
anastomosing veins, the intra-marginal one at some distance 
from the edge. A small, — very glaucous, tree. SYN. 
E. daphnoides, (B. M. 7.) ere is a variety, parviflora, 
having smaller flowers, and extremely short peduncles. 
E. cordata (heart-shaped). A synonym of E, pulverulenta. 
E. cornuta (horned). f. red, yellow; peduncles axillary, terete 
or slightly compressed, each bearing six to twelve, or even more 
flowers, sessile, but not immersed in the receptacle. J. lanceolate 
or ovate-lanceolate, mostly under 4in. long, rather thick; the 
veins irregularly oblique, the intramarginal one at a distance 
from the edge. A tall shrub or small tree, with a smooth bark. 
(B. M. 6140.) 
E. daphnoides (Daphne-like). A synonym of E. coccifera, 
E. gigantea, (gigantic). A synonym of E, obliqua. 
Fic. 737. YOUNG TREE OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, showing Habit. 
E. bulus (globuled).* Blue Gum-tree. A. large, axillary, 
AE or two or three together, closely sessile on the stem, 
or on a peduncle not longer than thick. l, of the young tree 
opposite, sessile, and cordate; of the full grown tree, lanceolate 
or ovate-lanceolate, nearly falcate, 6in. to 12in. long. A. e- 
times exceeding 300ft. 1810. See Fig. 737. The leaves of this 
and other species have been supposed to possess 
properties. Smoked in the form of cigars, they have been recom- 
mended in asthma. The oil —— from leaves is anti- 
septic. : 
E. G 
unn’s).* Cider-tree of Tasmania. fl. white ; 1 
Ss 8 — three rather past hay gebelie 
ll tree, sometimes attaining a height of 
30ft. Perhaps the hardiest of all the species. 
E. macrocarpa (large-fruited). fl. very large, solitary, on very 
short, thick, axillary peduncles. an. i opposite, sessile, broadly 
cordate-ovate, acute or obtuse, often 6in. long, or even more, very 
thick and rigid. A. 6ft. to 10ft, 1842, A stout shrub, usually 
more or less mealy-white. In the “North” Gallery at Kew, 
there is a portrait of one of the few remaining specimens of this— 
one of the rarest of the Eucalypti. Although it has the largest 
flowers of all the species of the genus, it is only a shrub, and has 
been nearly extirpated J sheep in the one district where it was 
known to grow. (B. M. 4555; P. M. B. xv. 29 
E. obliqua (oblique). Stringy-bark. fl., peduncles axillary or 
Ja * as well as the branches, M peie terete; umbels 
four to eight-flowered. l. alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 4in. to 6in. 
long, acumi very unequal at the base. k. 150ft. to 250ft. 
The bark of this comes off in large slabs, and is used in making 
i and roofs ; and the natives also use it when they wish 
to cross a river. They strip off a large concave piece, and stop 
up the ends with mud, so as to keep the water out, thus fo: ; 
a rude canoe, in which they paddle themselves over with a piece — 
of wood, leaving it to rot or float away. Syn. E. gigantea. 
(H. F. T. i., 28.) — 
ta (panicled). fl., peduncles lar; lower ones 
lary; the rest disposed in a terminal panicle; petioles in. 
long. ‘J, lanceolate, 3in. long, and tive to six li broad, 
