540 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Euonymus—continued. 
serrated, almost sessile. Branches smooth, quadrangular. h. 2ft, 
to 6ft. North America, 1686, Hardy deciduous. (A. F. B. ii. 499.) 
E. atropurpureus (dark-purple).* Burning Bush; Waahoo. 
A. dark-purple, quadrifid ; petals orbicular ; peduncles many- 
flowered, compressed. June. l. oval-oblong, acuminate, serrated, 
stalked. Branches smooth. A. 6ft. to 14ft. North America, 
1756. Hardy deciduous. (A. F. B. ii. 499.) 
E. europzeus (European),* f. greenish-white, small, foetid ; petals 
oblong, acute ; peduncles usually three-flowered. May. l. ovate- 
lanceolate, finely serrated. Branches smooth. h. 6ft. to 20ft. 
BIT) Asia, Europe (Britain), &c. Hardy deciduous. (Sy. En. B. 
je e 
E. fimbriatus (fimbriate).* . white, sub-umbellate, on long fili- 
form peduncles. l. ovate, acuminate, fringed with long, parallel, 
toothed serratures. Branchgs terete, smooth. h. 12ft. Japan, 
India, &c. Half-hardy evergreen. (F. d. S. 1851, 71.) 
grandifiorus (large-flowered). fl. white, very large, slightly 
nodding, inodorous; petals crbicular, flat, with curled edges ; 
peduncles slender, flattened, three to six-flowered. April. l 
ovate-oblong, obtuse, acutely-serrulate, with a tapering, entire 
base. Branches slightly four-cornered. h. 10ft. Nepaul, 1824. 
Half-hardy evergreen. 
E. Hamiltonianus (Hamilton’s). fl. white; petals lanceolate, 
cordate, with revolute edges ; peduncles dichotomous, six-flowered. 
April. J. lanceolate, finely serrated. Branches smooth, terete. 
h. 5ft. to 20ft. Temperate Himalaya, Japan, 1825. Half-hardy 
evergreen. (B. F. F. 16.) 
E. japonicus (Japanese).* fl. white, small; petals orbicular, 
fringed ; peduncles flattened, crowded and panicled on the recent 
shoots, two or three times dichotomous, many-flowered. April. 
l. oblong, sharply serrulated, acuminated. Branchlets pendu- 
lous, slightly compressed. h. 20ft. Nepaul, 1804. Half-hardy 
in the northern counties of England. Evergreen, There are 
several handsomely variegated forms of this species, the names 
of which indicate the markings : albo-marginatis, aureo-margi- 
natus, latifolius-albus, latifolius-aureus, &c. E. radicans, a small 
decumbent shrub, with oblong or orbicular serrated leaves, is a 
+ form of E. japonicus ; it also has several highly ornamental varie- 
gated sub-varieties, : 
E. latifolius (broad-leaved). fl. white at first, but becoming 
purplish as they fade; petals oval, ovate; peduncles tricho- 
l broad, ovate, toothleted. 
mches smooth. A. 6ft. to 8ft. Europe, &c., 1863. Hardy 
deciduous. (B. M. 2584.) : 
E. verrucosus (warty-branched). fl. ish-white or greenish- 
— small; ovate; peduncles tures ewersit May. 
somewhat ovate. Branches warted. A. 10ft. 
; s to 20ft. Eu- 
rope, 1730. Hardy deciduous. — (J. F. A. 1, 49.) : x 
EUPATORIUM (Eupatorion is a name used by 
Dioscorides and it is said by Pliny to have been so- 
called after Mithridates Eupator, king of Pontus, who 
discovered one of the species to be an antidote against 
poison). Including Bulbostylis, Conoclinium, and Hebecli- 
nium. ORD. Composite. A large genus of stove, green- 
house, or hardy, herbaceous or shrubby plants, many of 
which are very ornamental, whilst others are of no hor- 
ticultural value. There are upwards of 400 species, 
=- most of which are American; they are rarer in the 
Old World. Flower-heads purplish, bluish or white, in 
_ terminal corymbs; receptacle naked; pappus rough, two- 
_ sexual; involucral bracts imbricate, two to three-seriate ; 
florets all tubular, five-fid. Leaves opposite or rarely 
alternate, entire, dentate, or rarely dissected. Some of 
_ the hardy sorts form excellent border plants, and are of 
very easy culture in ordinary garden soil. These are 
propagated by division. E. atrorubens and E. ianthinum 
are distinct and useful winter-flowering plants, that 
require a warm greenhouse temperature. Cuttings of the 
young ‘shoots strike easily in spring, if placed in heat, 
in a close frame. If grown on throughout the summer 
without being stopped, a large terminal flower-head will 
be produced by each the following winter. A house with 
a temperature of 50deg. to 55deg. will suit them when 
in flower, but this should be maintained, as the plants 
soon droop if exposed to cold, If pruned back annually 
after flowering, and repotted, large bushes may, in course 
of time, be formed. E. airorubens grows the more vigorous 
of the two, and the flowers are darker than those of 
E. ianthinum, which is, however, a good old species, well 
‘worth attention. Both are generally known as Hebecli- 
niums. “The cool greenhouse species are readily increased 
_ by cuttings, inserted in spring. E. Weinmannianum is 
Sa 
Eupatorium—continued. 
somewhat shrubby, and may be grown for several years 
if pruned in a little after flowering. It is a very useful 
subject for decorating or for cut flowers, in early autumn 
and winter. E. riparium continues the flowering period; 
and, as this grows rapidly, it is best to propagate each 
year. Any frame where plenty of air can be admitted, is 
suitable for it in summer, and a house where frost is 
merely excluded, is warm enough in winter. If placed 
in heat, the plants soon become weak and drawn. This 
species is slender-growing, and has a much finer appear- 
ance when three plants are placed in an 8in. pot, and 
the growths tied out with small stakes. The most suit-. 
able soil for the greenhouse Eupatoriums is a rich com- 
post of loam and dried cow-manure, in about equal parts. 
Plenty of water is necessary at all seasons, and artificial 
or liquid manure may be used with advantage after the 
flower-heads appear. 
E, ageratoides (Ageratum-like). .-heads pure white, numerous; 
corymbs compound, twelve to twenty-flowered. Summer. l 
opposite, ovate, or somewhat cordate, stalked, coarsely toothed. 
k. lft. to 4ft. Plant branching. North America, 1640. Hardy 
herbaceous. 
E. aromaticum (aromatic). .-heads white; corymbs loose, 
eight to twenty-flowered. Late summer. J. opposite, usuall 
very shortly stalked, rounded, toothed. A. 3ft. to 4ft. Nort 
America, 1739. A strong-growing, variable, hardy species. 
E, atrorubens (dark-red).* fl.-ħheads reddish, shaded with lilac, 
numerous. Autumn, winter. Ji. large, opposite, somewhat 
ovate, toothed. Mexico, 1862. A very neat and useful green- 
house species. SYN. Hebeclinium atrorubens. (I. H. 1862, 310.) 
E. cannabinum. Hemp Agrimony. fl.-heads reddish-purple, in 
terminal tufts. July. Z. three to five-foliate ; leaflets lanceolate, 
serrate. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Stems erect, sub-simple, downy. Asi: 
Europe (Britain), &c. A very handsome native perennial, an 
one of the best of hardy species. (Sy. En. B. 785.) 
E. Haageanum (Haage’s). fl-heads white, small, in loose 
corymbs. J. opposite, ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrated. 
South America, 1857. An erect shrubby greenhouse plant, 
E. macrophyllum 
duced in J bs, in great profusion. Autumn, win 
Lie cade ck Set ag h. 4ft. Tropical America, 1823. 
purpureum (purple). /l.-heads purplish ; corymbs five to nine- 
flowered. Autumn. J, three to six in a Short souewtat ovate, 
or lanceolate, acuminated, rough, unequally toothed, downy 
beneath. h. 3ft. to 9ft. Hardy, North America, 1640. 
E, riparium (river-bank).* l.-heads white, numerously di d 
in a panicle of terminal and axillary corymbs. Spring. l. oblong- 
lanceolate, deeply toothed. South America, 1867. A very desirable 
greenhouse plant. (R. G. 525.) * 
E. Weinmannianum (Weinmann’s).* fl.-heads white, sweet- 
pena — — — ay winter. . l. pros 
elliptic-lanceolate. Sou merica, 7. An elegant fragrant — 
greenhouse plant. (G. C. n. s., v. 53.) ge : 
—* — 
EUPHORBIA (a name given to this plant by Dios- 
corides; said by Pliny to have been so called in honour — 
of Euphorbus, physician to Juba, King of Mauritania). 
Milkwort or Spurge. SYN. Tithymalus. Including Poin- 
settia and Treisia. ORD. Euphorbiacee. A genus com- 
prising about 600 species of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, 
trees, shrubs, and herbs. The flowers are unisexual, — 
collected into heads; these fiower-heads are placed in 
umbels variously branched, or aggregated into clusters 
round the top of the stem. Only a very few plants of 
this genus are worth growing for horticultural purposes. 
The few hardy species of ornamental value make ex- 
cellent border plants, and are fit subjects for naturalising 
on rocky, somewhat dry situations. These may be 
increased by cuttings, or by division. Two largely — 
grown stove species, that are among the best and most 
showy of winter-flowering plants, are E. fulgens and — 
E. pulcherrima (the latter is better known under the 
name of Poinsettia pulcherrima). Another, which is 
frequently represented in gardens by (ye or more plants, 
