544. 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Everlastings— continued. 
considerable portion of their beauty for a long time after 
being cut and dried. In addition, many are among the 
best of ornamental plants, either cultivated in pots or in 
the open ground. The principal genera that supply 
flowers suitable as Everlastings are: Acrocliniwm, Aphe- 
lexis, Helichryswm, Rhodanthe, Waitzia, and Xeranthemum, 
The title is more particularly applied to the many 
highly-coloured varieties of Helichrysum  bractzatwm. 
These are termed Immortelles by the French, and are 
more largely used by them than in this country. To 
obtain them in the best condition, they should be gathered 
on a dry day, when each flower-head is sufficiently open 
to show the inside of the bracts without exposing the 
centre. If frequently examined, the whole stock may 
be secured in this condition. They should be hung, head 
downwards, in a cool shed, and allowed to remain until 
dry. The individual flower-heads may be wired, and 
_ _ used, with good effect, among dried ornamental grasses, in 
_ Archipelago, and Socotra. 
lary; corolla salver-shaped or sub-rotate, with a globose 
or ventricose tube. 
winter, either in high glasses or vases. The French use 
large quantities to form memorial wreaths and crosses. 
If properly gathered and dried, many of the species will 
keep good, excepting that some of the colour vanishes, 
for two or three years. A new stock, is, however best 
grown and collected each year. A bunch of Helichrysums, 
showing the proper stage for gathering, is represented in 
Fig. 743. 
EVE’S CUSHION. See Saxifraga hypnoides. 
EVOLVULUS (from evolvo, to untwist; to dis- 
tinguish it from Convolvulus, many of the species of 
which are twiners). ORD. Convolvulacee. Stove, annual 
or perennial, prostrate or creeping, rarely erect herbs. 
Peduncles axillary, one or few-flowered; corolla sub- 
rotate, campanulate, or funnel-shaped, plicate. Leaves 
entire. There are about seventy known species, dis- 
tributed throughout all tropical regions, but most of 
them are natives of Brazil. The species described below 
is the only one worthy of mention here. 
Convolvulus. 
E. (purple-blue). fl. purplish-blue, ter- 
l on the leafy branches, pedicellate ; — rotate, rich 
ultramarine-blue, with the centre white, and a purple ra‘ 
diverging from that up the centre of each lobe. July an 
August. J. small, lanceolate, acute, entire.. Stem quite wood 
below, and often about half-way up. h. 14ft. Jamaica, 1845. 
Perennial. (B. M. 4202.) . 
EXACUM (a name used by Pliny, and derived by 
him from er, out, and ago, to drive; in allusion to its 
supposed expelling powers). ORD. Gentianew. A genus 
containing about a score species of very pretty, erect, 
branched, stove or greenhouse, annual or perennial 
herbs, natives of India and Eastern Asia, the Malayan 
Flowers terminal and axil- 
For culture, see 
Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile. 
| Species are not often seen in gardens. They 
thrive best in a compost of peat and turfy loam, in equal 
proportions, and a plentiful supply of water is necessary. 
Seeds should be sown in April, and placed in bottom heat, 
and the Seedlings carefully shifted into larger pots as 
required. Several other species of this elegant genus, 
besides those given below, are well worth growing, but 
as yet await introduction. 
E. affine (related). fi. bluish-lilac, agreeably scented; stamens 
yellow. Summer and autumn, 1, stalked, broadly ovate. h. 6in. 
Socotra, 1882. A compact-habited, free-flowering, warm green- 
uouse perennial. (G. Č. n. s., xxi, 605.) 
E. macranthum (large-flowered).* J7. about 2in. across, of a dee 
rich blue-purple colour, with large, bright yellow stamens, dis- 
sed in terminal and ¥, corymbose heads. December. 
. large, glabrous, glossy. A. 1 ft. Ceylon, 1853. Stove annual. 
(B. M. 4771.) 
Exacum—continued. 
E. zeylanicum (Ceylon).* fl. of a beautiful violet colour; petals 
five, obovate ; racemes terminal and axillary, forming an expanded, 
terminal, corymb-formed panicle. September. J. nearly sessile, 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. Stem and branches tetragonal. 
h. 1ft. to 2ft. Ceylon, 1848. Stove annual. (B. M. 4423.) 
EXALBUMINOUS. Without albumen. 
EXCURRENT. Central, as the stem of a Fir, with 
branches disposed regularly round it. 
EXITELIA. A synonym of Parinaria (which see). 
EXOCHORDA (from ezo, external, and clorde, a 
cord; the free placentary cords external to the carpels 
have suggested the name of the genus). ORD. Rosaceae. 
Very handsome, hardy shrubs, remarkable for the structure 
of their fruits, which consist of five small, compressed, bony 
carpèls, adhering round a central axis, in a star-like | 
manner. The species described below thrives in any good 
garden soil. Propagated by seeds, by layers, or by suckers. 
The second species, E. serratifolia, also a native of China, 
is not yet introduced. 
E. grandiflora (large-flowered).* f. white, large, in axillary, 
elongated, few-flowered racemes ; calyx bell-shaped ; petals four 
or five, rounded; stamens fifteen, short. May. fr. small. l. 
petiolate, lanceolate-oblong, entire or serrulate, membranous, 
h. 6ft. North China. A very handsome plant. (G. C. n. s., 
xvi. 73; B. M. 4795, under name of Spiræa grandijora.) 
EXOGENS. See Dicotyledons. 
EXOGONIUM. Included under Ipomea (which see). 
EXOSTEMMA (from exo, without, and stemma, a 
crown; stamens exserted). ORD. Rubiacew. A genus of 
about twenty species of stove, evergreen trees or shrubs, 
inhabiting tropical America and the West Indies. Flowers 
white, axillary and solitary, or disposed in terminal, few or 
many-flowered panicles; corolla with a long tube and a 
five-lobed, salver-shaped limb. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 
stalked or sub-sessile. For culture, see Cinchona. 
E. Caribzeum (Caribbean). fl. white, about the length of the 
leaves, sweet-scented ; pedicels axillary, one-flowered. June. 
l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. k. West Indies, 1780. 
E. longifiorum (long-flowered). fl. white, 5in. long before ex- 
—— pedicels axillary, very short. June. Z. S -lanceo- 
fate, attenuated at both ends.. h 20ft. “St. Domingo, 1820, 
(B. M. 4186.) 
EXOTHOSTEMON. A synonym of Prestonia 
(which see). ; 
EXOTIC. Introduced from other countries. Not 
native. 
EXSERTED. Anthers are said to be Exserted when 
longer than the corolla, or even when longer than its 
tube, if the limb be very spreading. 
EXSTIPULATE. Without stipules. a 
EXTRA-AXILLARY. Growing from above or 
below the axils of the leaves or branches. 
EXTRORSE. Turned outwards from the axis of 
growth of the series of organs to which it belongs. 
EYE. A horticultural term for a leaf-bud; also for 
the centre or the central markings of a flower. 
EYEBRIGHT. See Euphrasia. 
EYSENHARDTIA (named in honour of C. W. Eysen- 
hardt, M.D., and professor in the University of Konigsberg, 
in Prussia). Orp. Leguminose. A genus containing a 
couple of species of half-hardy, evergreen shrubs, natives 
of Mexico and Texas. They thrive in a compost of 
loam and peat. Young cuttings will root in sandy 
soil, if inserted under a bell glass. 
eee a ee Ta nee 
stipellate, glandular A. 4ft. to 6ft, Mexico, 1838. 
END. OF VOLUME I, 
