18 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
FLOWERING ASH. See Fraxinus Ornus. 
FLOWERING RUSH. See Butomus umbellatus. 
FLOWER OF JOVE. ‘Sec Agrostemma flos- 
Jovis. 
PLUEGGEA. See Ophiopogon. 
FLUES. The system of fixing Flues for heating 
purposes in glass structures is now become nearly 
obsolete, the better and more effective mode of heating 
by hot water being almost exclusively adopted. In the 
earlier days of gardening, the use of Flues was general, 
and even now many remain and continue to answer their 
purpose exceedingly well, both for frait and flower 
cultivation. Flues may be constructed of bricks, and 
covered with thick flat tiles or slates, placing a cross 
piece of sheet iron under each joint; or large pipes may 
be employed with good results, if properly connected. 
Fire bricks should be used near the furnace, and the 
Flue proceed from here round the front part of the 
house first, returning at the back, or terminating in a 
chimney at the end, according to the amount of heat 
required. Corners should be turned by a curve, to allow 
the heated air and gases to pass more freely, and con- 
sequently prevent cracking of the joints. The whole of 
the heat transmitted to the house must pass through 
the material nsed in the construction of the Flue; and 
all holes or cracks should be kept stopped, to prevent 
the escape of smoke and injurious gases. It is very 
important that Flues be kept cleaned out, as a coat of 
soot prevents the absorption and free passage of heat, 
and is also an obstruction to the draught. The furnace 
is best near one end of the house. 
about 2ft. below any part of the Flue, and a gradual 
ascent allowed the latter until the chimney is reached. 
FLUGGEA (named in honour of John Flugge, a 
German cryptogamic botanist). ORD. Euphorbiacew. A 
genus comprising several species of much-branched smooth 
shrubs, found in most tropical countries of the Eastern 
hemisphere. Flowers green, minute, and disposed in 
fascicles or cymes in the axils of the leaves. Berry 
about the size of a pea, or smaller. Leaves entire, 
obovate or ovate. In all probability, the species here 
described is the only one yet introduced. It succeeds 
in a rich mould and in a moist stove. Propagated by 
cuttings. 
F. leucopyrus (white-fruited), fl. apetalous. Berries white, 
edible. ¿. alternate, orbicular, ovate, entire, smooth ; spines 2in. 
to — long, very strong and numerous, whitish. East Indies, 
FLY HONEYSUCKLE. 
teum. 
FLY ORCHIS. See Ophrys muscifera. 
FŒNICULUM (the old Latin name). ORD. Umbelli- 
feræ. A genus containing three or four species of hardy 
biennial or perennial, often tall herbs. Flowers yellow, 
in compound umbels, without involucres; petals entire, 
inflected at the top, but not pointed. Fruit oval. Leaves 
pinnate, decompound, finely dissected. For culture, see 
Fennel. 
F. dulce (sweet).* This is considered by some authorities to be 
but a variety of F. vulgare. It differs, however, in the plant 
being smaller; in the stem being compressed, not round, at the 
base; in the smaller number of rays to the umbel, &c. It is 
cultivated in this country asa pot herb. Biennial. 
F. officinale (officinal), A synonym of F. vulgare. 
F, vulgare (common).* Common Fennel. M. yellow, in rather 
large umbels, Late summer and autumn. 1. three or four times 
pinnate, with very narrow, linear or subulate segments. Stems 
erect, branched. South Europe; occurring in many parts of 
Britain. Perennial. SYN. F, ofieinale. (Sy. En. B. 601.) 
PETIDIA (from fetidus, stinking; in allusion to the 
smell of the wood). ORD. Myrtacee. A genus con- 
taining three species (perhaps these are merely varieties 
of one) of glabrous trees, having a tough, bitter bark. 
Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered. Leaves al- 
ternate, elliptic or oblong, entire, penninerved. F. mau- 
See Lonicera Xylos- 
It should be placed. 
Fotidia—continued. 
ritiana is an ornamental greenhouse evergreen tree, 
allied to Gustavia (which see for culture). 
F. mauritiana (Mauritius). #. solitary; peduncles in the axils 
of the upper leaves; petals wanting; tube of calyx tetragonal 
and hemispherical; lobes valvate in estivation, permanent, at 
length reflexed. l. alternate, crowded on the branches, sessile, 
oval, entire, obtuse. kh. 15ft. to 20ft. Mauritius, 1827. 
FOLIACEOUS. Having the form of leaves. 
FOLIOLATE. When a leaf is divided into leaflets, 
it is called One, Two, Three, Ten, or 
Twelve-foliolate, according to the number 
of leaflets. 
FOLIOLE. A leaflet; the secondary 
divisions of a compound leaf. 
FOLLICLE. A kind of fruit consist- 
ing of a single carpel, dehiscing by the 
ventral suture only. See Fig. 20. 
FONTANESIA (named in honour of 
M. René Louiche Desfontaines, 1750-1833, Fie. 20. Fo.- 
author of “Flora Atlantica,’ and several —— 
other works). ORD. Oleacew. An orna- : 
mental, hardy sub-evergreen shrub, resembling the com- 
mon Privet, but with rough bark, and graceful, slender, 
drooping branches. It thrives in ordinary soil. In- 
creased by layers; by cuttings, planted under a hand 
glass, in autumn; or by grafting on the Privet. In all 
probability, the two plants here described are but forms 
of one species. 
Fig. 21. FLOWERING BRANCH OF FONTANESIA FORTUNEL 
F. Fortunei (Fortune’s), fl.* creamy-yellow, in axillary and ter- 
minal panicles. Z. lanceolate, entire, long-acuminated, glossy 
green above, paler beneath. China. See Fig. 21. (R. H. 1868, 43.) 
F. phillyrzoides (Phillyrea-like). f/i. creamy-yellow, in axillary 
— — S —— aito = poui ends. h. 10ft. to 
. Syria, 3 his species has the it of Phillyrea media. 
(L. B. C. 1308.) * 
