— 
F. oxvyp 
. Samaras 
24 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Fraxinus—continued. 
slender; leafiets five. Northern China, 1880. A small tree. 
(B. M. 6678.) 
F. nigra (black). A synonym of F, pubescens. 
Fic. 34. FLOWERING BRANCH OF FRAXINUS ORNUS (MANNA ASH). 
F. Ornus (Ornus). Manna Ash. fl. greenish-white, complete or 
hermaphrodite ; uncles axillary, shorter than the leaves. 
- May and June. ras brown. l., leaflets lanceolate or elliptic, 
attenuated, serrated, stalked, entire at the base, villous or downy 
beneath. Young branches purplish or livid, with yellow dots. 
h. 20ft. to 30ft. South Europe, 1730. A very handsome and 
free-flowering tree. SYNS. F. argentea, F. rotundifolia, and 
Ornus europea. See Fig. 34. (W. D. B. 2, 107. 
F. oxycarpa (sharp-fruited). A synonym of F. oxyphylla. 
Ma (sharp-Ieaved). fl. greenish-yellow, naked. May. 
anceolate, attenuated at both ends, mucronate. J. dark 
lossy n, produced in tufts at the ends of the branches; 
jeaflets wo to three pairs, almost sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, 
serra Branchlets green, with white dots. h. 30ft. to 40ft. 
Caucasus, 1815. Syn. F. oxyearpa. 
F. o. (small-leaved). greenish-yellow, naked. 
May, June. Samaras narrow, gradually widening to the apex, and 
retuse there. l., leaflets four to five pairs, petiolate, oblong and 
lanceolate, — serrated ; serratures mucronate. Branches 
dark purple. A. 30ft. to S0ft. Aleppo, 1710. Syn. F. lentiscifolia. 
F. pallida (pale). A synonym of F. platycarpa. 
F. pauciflora (few-flowered). A synonym of F, platycarpa. 
F. pennsylvanica (Pennsylvanian). A synonym of F. pubescens. 
F. platy (broad-fruited). Carolina Water Ash. fl 
greenish-yellow. May. Samaras broadly winged, 2in. long, 
acute at both ends. l, leaflets almost Sessile, very distinctly 
serrated, elliptic-lanceolate, 2in. long, lin. broad. h. .30ft. to 
50ft. Eastern United States, 1724. Syns. F. caroliniana, F. 
pallida, F. pauciflora, and F. triptera. 
Fs tamophila (swamp-loving). jl. greenish, in short dense 
— Samaras stalked, oblong, with a wedge-shaped base. 
l. small. Young branches of a greyish-brown colour, with black 
buds. Turkestan. 
F. pubescens (downy). f. greenish-yellow, calyculate ; racemes 
rather compound. May. Samaras narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, 
with a short mucro at the apex, Zin. long. Z., leaflets three to four 
irs, petiolate, elliptic-ovate, serrated, downy or tomentose 
th, as well as the petioles and branches. A. 30ft. Eastern 
United States, 1811. Syns. F. nigra, F. pennsylvanica, F. tomen- 
F. quadrangulata (four-angled). Blue Ash. fl. greenish- 
—* w. May. Samaras blunt at both ends. Z. 1ft. to 14ft. long; 
eaflets two to four pairs, almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, ser- 
rated, downy beneath. Bran: 
Eastern United States, 1823, 
F: rotundifolia (round-leaved), A synonym of F. Ornus. 
F. sambucifolia (Elder-leayed), Black Ash. fl. like those 
of the common Ash. jos 8 L, leaflets three pairs, 3in. to 4in. 
Jong, a * E a oan; ovate-lanceolate, serrated. 
g branc reen, beset wi ac ; . 7 
United States, 1800. black dots. kh. 30ft. Eastern 
F. tomentosa (tomentose). A synonym of F. pubescens. 
F. triptera (three-winged). A synonym of F. platycarpa. 
F. viridis (green). Z., leaflets bright green both sides, or barely 
pale beneath, from oblong-lanceolate to ovate. mostly acuminate. 
and sparsely and sharply serrate or denticulate. h. 30ft. North 
America, 1824. Syns. F. concolor, F. juglanaifols i 
variety, F. v. Berlandieriana. r = eee tific. There isa 
ches quadrangular. A. 60{t. to 70ft. 
FREE. Not adhering to anything else; not adnate 
to any other body. 
FREESIA (derivation unknown). Orp. Irideæ. A 
genus of a couple of species (in all probability, these 
are simply forms of one) of very pretty conservatory 
plants, from the Cape of Good Hope. They may be readily 
increased from seed, which should be ‘sown as soon as 
ripe, in pots of light sandy soil, and placed in a sunny 
position, in a cool frame. When the young plants appear, 
air should be admitted; but draughts are very injurious, 
and must be specially avoided. As the seedlings do not 
succeed well transplanted, it is best to sow in 5in. pots, 
and thin out to six or eight of the strongest plants, this 
being about the space required for flowering bulbs. If 
sown in August, the young plants may flower the follow- 
ing spring, but this is by no means certain. They will, 
however, form good bulbs for the second year. Freesias 
intended for flowering should be shaken out of the 
old soil in August or September, and repotted in sandy 
loam, leaf mould, and decayed manure. The different 
sizes should be placed together in separate pots or shallow 
pans, in order to have plants uniform in strength when 
flowering. Water will- not be required until growth com- 
mences, and a frame where frost is excluded will be warm 
enough. Plenty of air in mild weather, with a light 
position, is most conducive to a dwarf, sturdy growth. 
When the flowers appear, a little more heat may be 
applied to a portion for an earlier supply, others being | 
left to form a succession. Freesias are largely and very 
successfully grown in Guernsey. They are potted in suc- — 
cessive batches throughout the autumn, the first being 
inserted in August. 
and the supply is kept up until late in spring. The 
flowers are very fragrant, and last a long time when cut 
and placed in water. A number of slightly varying 
forms have received distinctive names in nurseries. 
F. Leichtlinii (Leichtlin’s). fl. yellow or cream-colour ; funnel — 
narrowing abruptly into the tube; throat more open, with the 
segments spreading less horizontally than in F. refracta. 
h. 1ft. 1875. (R. G. 808.) — 
F. odorata (sweet-scented). A synonym of F. refracta. 
F. refracta (bent back). fl. pure white, sometimes marked with 
a few violet lines, and usually with orange patches on the lower 
segments of the perianth ; funnel lone, gradually narrowing into 
the tube below; throat of funnel somewhat narrow ; segments 
spreading horizontally, and with a peculiar fragrance. SYN. 
F. odorata. (B. R. 138) 
F. r. alba (white). fl. of the purest white, frequently without 
"5 5 as a PUTON blotches usually present in the type. See 
ig. 35. 
FREMONTIA (named after Colonel Fremont, an 
American officer). ORD. Malvacee. A beautiful hardy 
deciduous shrub, with coloured calyx, and without petals. 
It thrives in a sandy loam soil, and does well on a west — 
or north wall, also as a bush in the Southern Counties | 
of England. Increased by cuttings, in spring, placed 
under a hand glass; or by seeds. 
F. californica (Californian).* fl. bright yellow, about Qin. across, 
solitary on short peduncles opposite the leaves. April. l. large, 
cordate, five to seven-lobed, hairy beneath ; young shoots covered 
with a rich brown tomentum. h. 6ft. i i A 
—— um t. to 10ft. California, 1851. 
FRENCH BEANS. See Beans. 
FRENCH MARIGOLD. See Tagetes patula. 
FRENELA. See Callitris. 
TIA (named after Admiral Freycinet, 
1779-1842, the French cireumnavigator). ORD. Pandaneæ. 
A genus of about thirty species, natives of Eastern tropical 
Asia, the Malayan Archipelago, tropical Australia, and the 
Pacific Islands. . They are tall-growing evergreen stove 
climbers, suitable for clothing pillars, &e., which should, 
however, be bound round with sphagnum or fibrous peat, 
kept moist, so that the climbing stems may root into it. 
The soil in which the plants do best, either in pots or 
when planted out, is a well-drained sandy loam. Increased 
by offsets. 
These begin flowering in December, 
