 @arden—continued. 
for the purposes to which it is best adapted. The 
amount of interest and pleasure, apart from profit, to 
be derived from a Garden, depends greatly on the 
capacity of the individual who may frequently or occa- 
sionally visit it, to notice and appreciate the beauties 
of nature that may be found in every conceivable 
form around. These advantages of pleasure, combined 
with utility in obtaining the crops annually, represent 
the practical outcome of capital expended on Gardens, 
and an adequate return should be obtained in an 
indirect, if not in a pecuniary, manner. Very much 
depends on the gardener using every available means 
to render his charge attractive and satisfactory to all 
concerned, as, without this attention, a Garden becomes 
the reverse of what it really should be. Much more 
may be accomplished in a small space, if proper and 
continued attention is bestowed, than would, at first 
sight, appear credible. This is frequently exemplified 
in the case of amateurs, who only have window space 
or that allowed with a small villa or cottage. The love 
of a Garden and its products, in every way, is one 
of the prevailing characteristics of English fashion, from 
the highest to the lowest class of individuals, and it 
should receive encouragement on every hand. The more 
a student of nature learns of the various forms and 
means adopted therein for reaching certain ends, every 
one of which has some definite purpose, the more is he 
induced to pursue his investigations, although the gain- 
ing of further knowledge only reveals the marvellous 
extent of the system open for study to those who choose 
to proceed with it. The form and extent of Gardens de- 
pending so entirely on that of the house or mansion with © 
which they are associated, renders it impossible to give 
more than general advice regarding their position or 
— method of laying out to the best advantage. Some of 
the principal points to be adopted, and others which it 
oA p e — ——— noticed, both in the case 
ens of considerable i 
—— ee ee Mee of 
FRUIT AND KITOHEN GARDEN. In planning an 
laying ont this department, on an extensive A —* 
exercise of considerable judgment and forethought will 
be required. It is work that only falls to the lot of 
comparatively few gardeners in the first instance, yet a 
knowledge of its performance is frequently requisite to 
enable alterations to be made with part at a time, that 
A due era may, — some respects, convert the whole, 
[he m important points to be observed - i 
tion, soil, form, size, and shelter. said m 
Situation and Soil. A situation has sometimes to 
‘accepted irrespective of the condition or quality of in 
but each requires an equal notice wherever there is 
choice. In selecting a site, it should be, if possible 
— undulated and face the south, or a little south. 
t. In dry districts, or where the sub-soil is of a 
gravelly nature, it would be better if the ground were 
i; yet it should be sufficiently 
of any description to proceed at 
— take a great interest 
hol ; which gene: ally includes nearly the 
— psg — grape and other fruit 
piai oih * » SC. f is advisable that the ap- 
—— — be towards the front o 
invariably — tool eae to the back, which is 
aspect, or nearly so, being that. 
structures, and also for the front on pinche) vate ate 
mansion, it follows that the best position mA —— 
ìs on some point towards the east or west. far — 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
er sheds. A southern | 
Garden—continued. 
away to admit of the boundary walls being concealed 
from view by trees and shrubs, and to allow of the 
approach being in the direction above indicated. The 
condition of the soil should be considered in several 
respects—as to its depth in general, the quality of the 
top spit, and also the sub-soil. A depth of less than — 
18in. will be unsuitable, the best being from 2ft. to 3ft. $ 
A rather heavy loam in some parts, with that of a lighter — 
or more sandy nature in others, will admit of positions 4 
being selected for different crops that require such soils; — 
and, for this reason, both are preferable if to be obtained. 
The quality of the sub-soil, especially when it is of an 
irony or close, retentive nature, and so prevents the free 
passage of air and water, has a great effect on all fruit- 
trees and on garden crops generally. 
succeed on such sub-soils, as, once their roots enter it, 
canker and other diseases immediately attack the branches 
and cause them to decay. Much may be accomplished 
in improving and deepening shallow soils by adding more 
on the top from an adjoining field or other place; bu 
this causes a great deal of work, and, moreover, does 
not remove the evils attending a bad sub-soil; conse- 
quently, the latter should be avoided, if possible. The 
amount of drainage to be applied artificially depends 
a great deal on the porosity of the earth beneath 
surface. In many cases, it is only necessary to 
the walks; and if the situation of the garden is 
dulated, this may be easily effected. Land of a 1 
tive, clayey nature may require draining throughout 
in districts where the rainfall is heavy, in order to 
move. the superabundant moisture that would otherwise 
collect. In other soils, resting mostly on gravel, sufi 
cient is generally conducted naturally by the latter from 
the majority of growing crops. In selecting @ st 
for the Kitchen Garden, the available means for supp. 
water must also be considered, as a large quantity is aiw 
required in summer. If it can be procured from a stream 
or large open reservoir exposed to sun and air, it will 
found warmer, softer, and better suited in every ` 
for plants, than if obtained direct from a well or f 
A stream passes through some Gardens, and althong 
the water is very useful at times, its presence in spring 
attracts the least frost, which often proves destructive 
to fruit blossom and other early crops. If a nature 
source, higher than the garden itself, is not availab 
another method may be employed, such as a hydrany 
ram, for forcing water into a reservoir at a point su 
ciently high to insure its return through pipes. 
part of the Garden desired. The above conditions 
not always to be obtained, but they should be ! 
considered wherever there is a choice of site. 
Form and Size. Where, as in this case, the cultiv 
of fruit and vegetables is of first importance, the shap 
of the ground does not matter materially. This — 
size are points depending a good deal on each 
and on the requirements of each place individually. ; 
extensive Kitchen Garden, of some five or Sit 
land, has often to be managed for cultivating 
fruit and vegetables to supply the demands of a 
household. As the expense of laying out a 
this size, and the subsequent annual expenditure T 
it stocked, and in good order, are necessarily 
the greatest care should be taken, in the first 
to utilise every means for rendering the whole * d 
manent success. The size, number of walls, glas 
structures, &¢., must, therefore, entirely depend or 
quirements and the amount of expense to be 10” 
The Kitchen Garden, or a large portion of — 
surrounded with walls. These are essential for 334 
vation of fruit-trees that would not succeed and ace 
crops: in the open ground, and they are — 
So as to form either a square or an oblong, gs 
ends running towards east and west. Such 
