58 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Gelsemium— continued. 
half-hardy shrub. It. thrives in a rich loamy soil, and may 
big propagated by cuttings, placed under a hand glass. 
G. nitidum (shining). A synonym of G. sempervirens. 
G. sempervirens (evergreen). fl. fragrant ; corolla deep yellow, 
over lin. long ; —38 very short, axillary ; ; stigmas of one form 
and anthers of the other protruding. Spring. l. evergreen, thin- 
coriaceous, shining, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, Izin. to 2in. long. 
Stem slender, Southern United States, 1840. Syn. G. nitidum. 
GEMINATE. United in pairs. 
GEMINIFLOROUS.  Twin-flowered; 
flowers grow together. 
GENETYLLIS. A synonym of Darwinia (which 
see). 
GENICULATE. Bent abruptly, like a knee, e.g., 
the stems of many grasses. 
GENICULUM. ‘The node of a stem. 
GENIPA (from Genipapo, the Guiana name of one of 
the species). Genip-tree. ORD. Rubiacee. A genus com- 
prising about eight. species of stove evergreen shrubs or 
small trees, natives of tropical America and the West 
Indian Islands. Flowers white, at length yellow, axillary 
or terminal, solitary or few; corolla narrow, campanulate ; 
tube short; throat glabrous or villous. Fruit succulent, 
with a rather thick rind, crowned. by the calyx, and 
tapering at each end. Leaves sessile or shortly pedun- 
culate, opposite, coriaceous, obovate, or lanceolate, clear ; 
stipules interpetiolar, ovate, acuminated, deciduous. For 
culture, see Gardenia, to which the genus is closely 
allied. ‘The species enumerated below flower in summer. 
G. americana (American). Genipa — fl. small; pe- 
duncles on. corym Jr. greenish- -white, 
when two 
large, full of k purple juice; ar rather acrid, & 
oblong-lanceolate, quite gla rous on both surfaces. A. 20ft. to 
30ft. West Indian — &c., 177: 
G. Caruto (native name). fl., —— white, having the tube 
silky both inside and outside ; peduncles terminal, two or three- 
flowered. Jl. obovate, obtuse. pe above, with 
velvety tomentum beneath. h. West indians Islands, &c. 
G. Merianz (Merian’s). fl. — merga — at the tops of 
branches, hairy, umbilicate edible. l. oblong- 
ovate. h. 20ft. Guiana, 1800. 
. oblongifolia (oblong-leaved). crowded at the tops of the 
branches, on — cels, and somewhat racemosely. 
fr. the size of a peach. l cblong-ovate, obtuse, above, 
and downy onthe nerves beneath, with rather revolute margins, 
h. 20ft. Peru, 1821. The seeds and pulp of the fruit of this 
species are used by the Indians as a dye. 
GENIPAP FRUIT. See Genipa americana. 
GENIP-TREE. See Genipa. ; 
GENISTA (the old Latin name used by Virgil). 
ORD. Leguminose. <A large genus (about seventy species 
have been described) of pretty dwarf-growing unarmed 
or prickly, greenhouse or hardy shrubs, natives of Europe, 
Northern Africa, and Western Asia. Flowers yellow, 
rarely white, produced either singly or in clusters from 
the angles of the leaves, or at the ends of the branches. 
Leaves simple or trifoliolate. The hardy species are 
very pretty plants for growing on rockwork, in almost 
any ordinary soil, where they will flower continuously 
throughout the summer. All hardy, except where other- 
wise stated. For — —— culture, see Cytisus. 
G. ætnensis (E! E emes terminal. June and July, 
— eea sil ie Be h. 6ft. to 15ft. Sicily and Sardinia, 1816, 
lant erect, muc! (B. M. 2674, under name of 
Spartium etnensis.) . 
G. anglica (English), “Needle Furze ; Pettywhin. A., racemes 
few-flowered, terminal ; floriferous branches unarmed. Summer. 
l. ovate-lanceolate ; spines Root woody, long, creeping. 
ple. 
A, lft, to 2ft. Europe (Britain), Plant smooth. (sy. En. B. 32%. ) 
3 $ che gula tem: - 
Se apies, 1518. Plant quale difuso. (8. an y ar: 066, s oe 
G. ephedroides (Ephedra-like), f. rather silky, alternate, 
spicate. Summer. J. few, sessile, ttifoliolate, and simple; leaf- 
lets linear, smoothish. Branches spinescent, stiff, terete, at 
length striated. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Corsica and Sardinia. 
G. hispanica (Spanish), /., racemes termi hat ca 
tate; floriferous branches unarmed. —— Penha: rt 
Genista—continued. 
villous ; spines branched, stiff. h. 6in. to 12in. 
Europe, 1759, (L. B: C: 17 
G. ovata (ovate). fl. in short racemes. Summer. l. ovate, or 
ovate-oblong, hairy. Stems numerous, hairy, erect, somewhat 
herbaceous, striated, terete. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Central and Southern 
Europe, 1816. (L. B.C. 482.) 
G. pilosa (hairy). Greenweed. 
Summer. J. obovate-lanceolate, 
— — striated, branched. 
En. B 
G. radiata (rayed). fl, heads two to four-flowered, terminal. 
Summer. 4l. trifoliolate, nearly sessile, opposite ; leaflets linear, 
rather silky. Branches angular, crowded, glabrous. h. 1ft to 3ft. 
South Europe, 1758. (B. M. 2260, under name of Spartium 
radiatum.) : 
G. Retama (Retam). f. white, silky; racemes lateral, few- 
flowered. Summer. very few, linear-oblong, pubescent. ; 
Branches erect, slender, 3* , flexible. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Spain, 
Portugal, &c., 1670. (B. M. under name of Spartium mono- 
spermum.) 
. sagittalis (arrow-jointed). i. disposed in an ovate, terminal, 
leafless spike. Spring. l. ovate-lanceolate. Stems prostrate 
branches herbaceous, ascending, two-edged, membranous. A. — 
South Europe, 1750. 
G. tinctoria (dyers’). Dyers’ Greenweed. (den ae in —— 
racemes, smooth. Spring and autumn. J. : 
Stems erect; branches terete, striated, erect. h. lft. to 2ft. — 
Europe (Britain), North and West Asia. This species, of which — 
there is a very pretty ouble Hamerds form, yields a yellow dye. 
South-western 
fl. axillary, on short pedicels. 
obtuse, complicated, downy. 
Europe (Britain). (Sy. 
virgata — A. silky, disposed in pa i 
Mare l. oblong-lanceolate, = 
terete, striated. h. 3ft. to aft. —— s 
GENTIAN. See Gentiana. 
GENTIANA (Gentiane, a name used by Dioscorides, 
so called in honour of Gentius, a King of Illyricum, who 
imprisoned the Roman Ambassadors at the request of- 
Perseus, King of Macedonia; he is said to have been the 
first who experienced the vieii of Gentian). Gentian. 
Syn. Selatium. Including Pnewmonanthe. ORD. Gentianee. 
A large genus (about 180 species) of hardy, annual ¢ 
perennial herbs, dispersed throughout temperate and alpine- 
(rare in Arctic) regions. Flowers blue, violet, purple, 
yellow, or white, axillary and terminal, sessile or rarely 
pedunculate, erect. Leaves opposite, often sessile. Gen- 
tians are among the most beautiful of hardy plants, and 
some have flowers of a deeper and more intense bh m a 
than can be found in almost any other genus. Un- 
fortunately, they are, in many localities, most — to 
establish ; and some species, G. verna, for instance, can 
rarely be induced, under artificial conditions, to increase 
and blossom as‘it does in a natural state. All Gentians 
are extremely sensitive of root disturbance, caused 
their being divided or transplanted ; consequently. 
that are established should be allowed to remain, — 
their removal is an absolute necessity. 
Propagation is effected by seeds, which ripen 
country ; and, in one or two instances, by division 
the plants, although this is not recommended, for the 
reasons already given. G. acaulis wi : 
perhaps, better than any of the others, and, being rather 
plentiful, it is frequently used as an edging plant, more 
especially in Scotland, and in some of the cooler 
of England. Karly in spring, just as growth com- 
mences, is the best time for division, which should be 
carefully performed, without undue injury bei 
to the roots. Species like G. cruciata, which have eir 
flower-stems proceeding from one rootstock, will not admit 
of increase by this method. Seeds are slow in 
especially if they are old, or have been stored in a ve 
dry place. When gathered from home-grown plants, th 
should be sown as soon as ripe; and, if this is 
during the latter part of summer, germination 
expected (although it does not always take place} 
following spring. If seeds are imported or p ‘ 
nurserymen, the process may take one or two years 
