78 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Gnidia—continued. 
very often approaching to oblong or elliptical, sessile, rather 
obtuse at the — five-nerved, hairy. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Cape of 
Good Hope. (B. R. 2761.) 
GOAT MOTH (Cossus ligniperda). The Goat Moth 
produces not only one of the largest of known European 
caterpillars, but also one of the most destructive to timber 
and fruit trees. The perfect insect measures from 2%in. 
to 3in. from point to point of its fore wings, which are 
of an ashy-brown colour, shaded with dark brown, espe- 
cially across the middle, and marked with many irregular 
transverse streaks, in the form of network. The hind 
wings are brown, the reticulation being marked with 
somewhat obscure lines; hence, the insect is difficult to 
detect while at rest, with folded wings, upon the stems of 
trees during the day. The female has a powerful ovi- 
positor for the purpose of securing her eggs in crevices 
of the bark. As soon as the larvæ are hatched, they 
commence to eat away the bark next them, and, as 
growth proceeds, make their way towards the heart of 
Fic. 122. LARVA OF Goat MOTH. 
the tree. The caterpillar (see Fig. 122) when fully grown, 
measures 4in. long, and is as thick as a man’s finger. 
It exudes a liquid of a powerful and fostid odour, some- 
what resembling the unpleasant effluvium exhaled by the 
he-goat, whence the English name. The body is smooth, 
and bears short, scattered hairs; it is dark red on the back, 
with spiracles, or breathing apertures, of the same colour 
along the sides; the sides and under surface of the body 
are flesh-coloured, and the head is black. The jaws are 
very powerful, and capable of cutting the hardest wood. 
When two years old, the caterpillar changes to light yel- 
low, surrounds itself with a strong cocoon, made of chips 
of wood, and assumes the pupa state—generally in spring, 
the perfect insect appearing in June or July. 
Remedies. The remedies suggested are: Coating the 
trees with a mixture of cow-dung and clay, to prevent 
egg-laying; injecting paraffin or sulphur fumes into the 
holes; and felling the trees, splitting up, and destroying 
the caterpillars when badly infested. 
GOAT’S BEARD. Sec Spirea Aruncus and 
Tragopogon. 7 
GOAT’S FOOT. See Oxalis caprina. 
GOAT’S RUE. See 
GODETIA. Included under Gnothera (which see). 
GODOYA (named in honour of E. Godoy, a Spanish 
statesman, 1764-1839—commonly called Prince of the 
Peace, on account of his having concluded a peace 
between France and Spain—a patron of botany). Orp. 
Ochnacee. A genus comprising two species of stove 
trees, natives of Peru and New Grenada. Flowers yellow 
or white, disposed in terminal and axillary racemes or 
Godoya— continued. 
panicles ; calyx twin-formed. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, 
thick, simple, marked with numerous transverse veins. 
Godoyas delight in a compost of peat and loam. Propa- 
gated by cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass, in a 
strong bottom heat. 
G. geminiflora (bud-flowered). f. yellow ; racemes axillary or 
terminal, compound, elongated. June. l. oblong, bluntish, ob- 
soletely serrulated. k. 20ft. Brazil, 1820, An elegant species. 
G. splendida (splendid).* fl. pure white, fragrant, ten to fifteen 
ing spike. J. pinnate, large. h. 10ft. Columbia, 1869. A com- 
pact-growing plant. 
GODWINIA GIGAS. See Dracontium gigas. 
GOETHEA (named in honour of J. W. Goethe, the 
celebrated German poet, 1749-1832, who was also an 
excellent botanist). ORD. Malvacee. A genus com- 
prising about four species of stove evergreen shrubs, 
natives of Brazil. Flowers showy, nodding ; peduncles 
axillary, one-flowered. Leaves entirely or remotely den- 
tate. For culture, see Pavonia. 
G. Makoyana (Makoy’s).* fl. with a five-leaved epicalyx of large, 
cordate, ovate-acute, crimson bracts ; borne in terminal clusters. 
l. shortly-stalked, elliptic, dull — with two leafy lanceolate 
Stipules. h. 2ft. 1878. (B. M. 6427.) 
G. multiflora (many-flowered).* jl. with an epicalyx of numerous 
linear pink or red bracts. September. l lanceolate, serrate. 
Syn. Pavonia Wioti. (B.M. 6398.) 
+» Semperfiorens (ever-flowering). (jl. purplish, with a white 
disk, usually terminal; involucre brown. elliptical, serrated 
at the apex. h. 30ft. 
G. strictiflora (upright-flowered), fl. ted, axillary ; bracts 
yellowish-white, tinged with red. "keane l. ovate, large. 
h. 14ft. 1852. (B. M. 4677.) 
GOLD CUP. See Ranunculus bulbosus. 
GOLDEN CHAIN. See Laburnum vulgare. 
GOLDEN FEATHER. See Pyrethrum. 
GOLDEN HAIR. A common name of Chrysocoma 
Coma-aurea (which see). 
GOLDEN ROD. See Solidago Virgaurea. 
GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE. See Chrysosplenium. 
GOLDEN THISTLE. See Scolymus hispanicus. 
GOLD FERN. See Gymnogramme. 
GOLDFUSSIA. This genus is included, by the 
authors of the “ Genera Plantarum,” under Strobilan- 
thus (which see). 
GOLD KNOTS. See Ranunculus acris. 
GOLD THREAD. A name given to the slender 
yellow roots of Coptis trifolia, an inhabitant of Canada 
and Siberia, where they are largely employed for dyeing 
skins and wool. 
GOLDYLOCKS, or GOLDILOCKS. A common 
name for Chrysocoma. See also Helichrysum Stæchas. 
GOMPHIA (from gomphos, a club; in reference to 
the shape of the fruit). Button Flower. Orp. Ochnacee. 
A genus comprising about eighty species of stove ever- 
green trees or shrubs, of which the majority are natives 
of South America, a few from Africa, and a very few 
from Asia. Flowers yellow, in terminal racemes or 
panicles ; sepals five, coloured, imbricated ; petals five, 
generally clawed, Leaves alternate, persistent, simple, 
coriaceous, shining, serrate. Gomphias thrive with similar 
treatment to that usually given to hard-wooded stove 
shrubs. A compost of two parts fibrous loam and the 
remainder of peat, with a small quantity of silver sand, 
suits them best. Propagated by cuttings of rather firm 
young shoots, inserted in sand, under a bell glass, in 
heat. The undermentioned are probably the only species 
now in cultivation. : 
G. decorans (adorned). A synonym of G. oliveformis. 
G. oliveformis (Olive-formed).* fl. rich bright yellow, densely 
produced in large terminal branching racemes. May. l shining 
dark green, alternate, broadly - lanceolate, 5in. long; margins 
serrulate. A, 10ft. to 15ft. Brazil, 1868. Syn. G. decorans. 
(B. M. 5262.) 
