88 
THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
. Grafting—continued. 
hardier and more vigorous of the — This is exempli- 
fied, and the desired results attained, in many cases, by 
Grafting various strong-growing varieties -of Apples on 
the Paradise stock, Cherries on the Mahaleb, and Pears 
on the Quince. In these and other instances, the stock 
is restricted in its root-growth, and the supply of sap 
transmitted to the grafted portion is, consequently, limited. 
This latter condition tends to encourage fruit-bearing 
instead of vigorous wood, and proves, by results, the 
modifying effect of the stock and the superior results in 
productiveness thereby secured. Double-grafting is some- 
Sake adopted as another means for reaching the same 
end, by having a variety of intermediate growth inserted 
first on the stock, this to be ultimately grafted with the 
~Pear-fruiting. 
NY] —Quince stock. 
a 
Fic. 133. DOUBLE-GRAFTING, 
one it is intended to propagate. Fig. 133 is intended 
to illustrate what is here meant in the case of Grafting 
the Pear. ‘The special influence exerted on the part of 
the stock or scion with certain varieties in either direc- 
tion, can only be learned by experience. Grafting should 
be performed when the sap is in motion, between the time 
when it begins flowing in spring and a period before 
it ceases in autumn, avoiding the middle of summer, or 
any very hot weather. It is most largely practised, both 
indoors and outside, in early spring, the scions being 
= slightly retarded by keeping them in a cooler place, or, 
-= in the case of fruit trees, previously cutting and inlaying 
_ them in the ground. Calm, moist weather is most suitable 
for the operation outside, which should always be skil- 
fully performed, by means of clean cuts, a careful fitting 
of the parts together, and an exclusion of air by the 
application of grafting-clay or wax. Close frames or cool 
honses are requisite for tender plants, and for various 
evergreen trees or shrubs, until the parts have become 
united. Many of these do not require any clay or graft- 
ing wax, if kept moist, quite close, and shaded. Heat is 
unnecessary in the case of many hardy plants, a protec- 
tion from the drying influence of wind and sun being 
all that is required. are various methods of Graft- 
ing that may be successfully practised, according to the 
size or variety of subject it is intended to propagate 
or improve. The following are those most generally 
used, and all are — to slight modifications under 
varied circumstances. 
In Fig. 134, a shows the mode of tying the graft 
adopted with many fruit trees, and B the work com- 
pleted by the application of clay, which should be left 
in the shape shown, and be carefully fitted to the stock 
and scion. This plan may be employed either for dwarf 
Grafting—continued. 
or tall stocks. All grafts inserted outside should be 
protected, and kept from moving by a stake, which 
WV ee 
aa | 
Fic. 134. MODE OF TYING AND LAYING GRAFT. 
should reach nearly or quite to the top, and have both 
ae Ppr. 
—— 
Fic. 135. MODE OF SUPPORTING THE GRAFT. 
stock and scion secured to it, to prevent the latter be- 
coming displaced (see Fig. 135), | 
— 
a, 
F 
ae É 
= 
Ae 
N 
AnS 
IA 
via 
FIG. 136. WHIP OR TONGUE-GRAFTING. 
