92 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Grafting Wax—continued. 
proportions by melting all together in an iron pot over 
the fire, and afterwards allowing the composition to 
cool. Burgundy pitch and various other substances are 
sometimes used in compositions. An excellent prepara- 
tion that may be purchased in tin boxes, and applied 
cold, is the French cold Grafting Wax, sold under the 
name of Mastic l’homme Lefort. This may be spread 
on the graft with a flat piece of wood, and it hardens 
by exposure to the air. Cold mastics are not so well 
suited for autumn grafting outside as warm ones, the 
. frost sometimes having an injurious effect on the grafts 
through a soft substance. Grafting Wax may be applied 
to large as well as small plants, if desired. 
GRAINS OF PARADISE. See 
Granum Paradisi and A. Melegueta. 
GRAM, or CHICK PEA (Cicer arietinum). An 
annual herb, extensively cultivated in India for its 
seed, which, when ground, forms an important article 
of food. P 
GRAMINEÆ. A large order of annuals or peren- 
nials, usually herbaceous, cæspitose, rarely suffrutescent or 
arborescent. Flowers rarely diclinous moneecious, or diœ- 
cious, sometimes polygamous ; spikelets in terminal spikes, 
racemes or panicles, usually composed of two flowers 
(empty), glumes inclosing or subtending one or more, 
sessile or stalked, normally flower-bearing (but sometimes 
also empty) glumes, which are distichously arranged on a 
slender rachis (rachilla) ; flowering glumes boat-shaped, 
inclosing the flower and a flat, often two-nerved, scale 
(palea); perianth of two (rarely none, or three or more) 
minute scales; stamens three (rarely one, two, six, or 
more), with capillary filaments and two-celled pendulous 
anthers. Leaves alternate, distichous, springing from 
the nodes; petiole dilated, convolute, sheathing the 
stem; margins free, or very rarely more or less united; 
blade entire, usually narrow-linear, sometimes oblong or 
oval; margins very often scabrid; nerves parallel; stipule 
axillary, adnate by its dorsal face to the sheath, and pro- 
duced as a membranous tongue (ligule). The order is 
widely distributed over the world. “ Gramineæ contain 
in their herbage, and especially in their seeds, nutritious 
principles, which entitle them to the first rank among 
plants useful to man, and which are of the greatest im- 
portance in an economic and political point of view. The 
Cerealia are: Wheat (Triticum sativum), Rye (Secale 
cereale), Barley (Hordeum vulgare, distichum, &c.), Oats 
(Avena sativa), all cultivated by the Caueasian race in 
the Northern and temperate regions. Rice (Oryza sativa) 
and Millet (Panicum miliaceum) originated amongst the 
Asiatic races. The Sngar-cane (Saccharum officinarum) 
is, in all probability, a native of tropical Asia; it has 
been cultivated from very ancient times in the Kast 
Indies. A considerable number of Graminew are medi- 
einal, viz., Triticum repens, glaucum, junceum, Cynodon 
Dactylon, Andropogon bicornis, Arundo Donax, Calama- 
grostis, &e.” (Decaisne and Le Maout). This order like- 
wise furnishes numerous ornamental garden plants, some 
of the most striking of which are Arundinaria falcata, 
Metake, Arundo Donax (the Provence Cane), Arundo 
mauritanica, Bambusa arundinacea, Gynerium argen- 
teum, Panicum plicatum, Phalaris arundinacea, &e. 
: GRAMMANGIS (from gramma, writing; probably 
in allusion to the markings of the flowers). ORD. Orchidee. 
A genus comprising two species of stove epiphytal 
orchids, one of which is from Madagascar, the other 
from Java (?). Flowers showy, on long pedicels; racemes 
loose, many-flowered ; bracts small; scape simple. Leaves 
few, long, coriaceous, veined. Pseudo-bulbs oblong or 
fusiform, fleshy. For culture, see Saccolabium. 
G. Ellisii (Ellis’s). f. numerous; s low, wi ; 
reari g ak g — petals aie 5 gp * 
graceful, bent over, produced from the base of th bulb: 
along with the young growths. Summer. ly * ey = —— 
Amomum 
, 
Grammangis—continued. 
blunt, glaucous, Pseudo-bulbs about 6in. long, square. Mada- 
gascar. (B. M. 5179, under name of Grammatophyllum Ellisit.) 
G. Huttoni (Hutton’s).* fl. shortly pedicellate, 14in. in diameter ; 
racemes ten-flowered, pendulous ; sepals recurved, obovate, acu- 
minate, pale brown externally, internally studded with transverse, 
small, short, chocolate streaks; petals smaller, but similar in 
form and direction, dark chocolate inside ; lip sub-sessile, lateral, 
lobes obtuse, greenish, striped with chocolate ; scape from the 
base of the pseudo-bulbs, stout. June. l. narrow-oblong, obtuse, 
very coriaceous, nerveless, dark green. Pseudo-bulbs elongate- 
ovoid, with straight sides, ponrprossol, grooved, green. Java, 
1867. (B. M. 5676, under name of Cymbidium Huttoni.) 
GRAMMANTHES (from gramma, writing, and 
anthos, a flower; in consequence of the petals having 
some supposed resemblance to the letter V marked on 
them ; hence its synonymous name of Vawanthes). SYN. 
Vauanthes. ORD. Crassulacew. A very pretty half- 
hardy annual. It thrives in a peaty or light sandy 
soil, and forms an excellent subject for rockwork. Seeds 
should be sown in a warm greenhouse, during March, and 
the seedlings transferred when large enough. Plenty 
of air, and care in watering, are important features in 
the culture of this plant. 
G. chlorzeflora (yellow-flowered).* fl. at first orange-yellow, 
finally more red, with a deep V-shaped mark at the base of each 
corolla lobe ; corolla tube equalling the calyx or longer ; axillary - 
and terminal lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute. July. /. sessile, 
ovate, acute, succulent, concave. A. 4in. to 5in. South Africa, 
1774. A glaucous herb. (B. M. 4607.) 
G. c. cæsia (greyish). This only differs from the type in its 
—— rightly coloured flowers, and more glaucous leaves. 
( 
GRAMMATOCARPUS (from grammaia, letters, and 
karpos, fruit; in reference to the markings of the fruit). 
Syn. Scyphanthus. OrD. Loasew. A monotypic genus, 
the species being a half-hardy, twining, pubescent, annual 
herb, allied to Loasa (which see for culture). 
G. volubilis (twining).* /l. yellow, axillary, sessile; calyx tube 
linear-elongate ; lobes five, spreading, linear-spathulate ; petals 
five, saccate. Summer. J. opposite, bi- or tripinnatisect. Chili. 
(B. M. 5028; S. B. F. G. 238.) à 
GRAMMATOPHYLLUM (from grammata, letters» 
and phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the markings on the 
leaves). ORD. Orchideew. A genus of three or four 
species of rather large-growing, handsome stove epiphytal 
orchids, usually very shy of flowering. All are natives 
of the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago. Grammato- 
phyllums should be cultivated in large pots, filled with 
peat. Good drainage and a liberal supply of water, when 
the plants are in a growing state, are essential elements 
in their culture. After a few strong growths have been 
made, the plants should be allowed a season of rest. 
Propagated by divisions of the pseudo-bulbs. The under- 
mentioned are the only species in general cultivation, 
and these are still very rare. 
G. multiflorum (many-flowered).* fl. green, brown, purple; 
racemes long, many-flowered ; bracts oblong, scale-formed ; sepals 
oblong, obtuse ; petals similar, acute, narrower ; lip three-lobed, 
downy ; middle lobe oblong, rounded; lateral ones erect, sub- 
falcate, with four elevated lamellæ in middle. Summer. Z. linear, 
distichous, striated. A. 2ft. Manilla, 1838. (B. R. 1839, 65.) 
tigrinum (tiger-spotted). yellow, spotted with purple. 
h. 2ft. East Indies, ‘sab, (B. R: i2 69.) 
G. speciosam (showy).* jl. nearly 6in. across; sepals and petals 
undulated, ovate-oblong, rich patsy daar ai — with purple} 
lip three-lobed, streaked with red ; scape often nearly 6ft. long, 
owing from the base of the stem. Winter. J. distichous, 
orate, acute, f to 2ft. long. Stems sometimes 9ft. to 10ft. 
high. Java, 1837. One of the most elegant plants in cultivation. 
(B. M. 5157.) 
GRAMMITIS. See Gymnogramme and Poly- 
podium. J 
GRANADILLA. A name given in the West Indies 
to the fruits of different species of the genus Passiflora 
(which see). — 
GRANULAR. Divided into little knobs or knots; 
e.g., the roots of Sarifraga granulata. 
GRAPE. The well-known fruit of the Vine, Vitis 
vinifera (which see). 
GRAPE HYACINTH. Se Muscari. 
