-THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
GRAPE PEAR. See Amelanchier canadensis. 
GRAPE PHYLLOXERA. See Grape or Vine 
Louse. 
GRAPE, SEASIDE. See Coccoloba. 
GRAPHOLITHA PISANA. ‘See Pea Moth. 
GRAPPLE PLANT. See Harpagophytum pro- 
cumbens, — 
GRAPTOPHYLLUM (from grapho, to write, and 
phyllon, a leaf; referring to the markings on the leaves). 
Syn. Earlia. Orv. Acanthacee. A genus comprising 
four or five species of ornamental stove evergreen glabrous 
shrubs, natives of Australia or the Pacific Islands. 
Flowers red, shortly pedicellate. Leaves opposite, entire 
or (in one species) spinose-dentate, generally spotted. The 
plants thrive in a compost of peat and loam. Cuttings of 
rather firm young shoots, taken with a heel, will root, if 
inserted in sand, under a bell glass, in heat. 
G. Earlii (Earl's). /. of a rich red, solitary in the axils, or in 
clusters of very few. l. oblong-elliptical, acute or mucronulate, 
entire, or with a few very small acute teeth. A. 10ft. to 15ft. A 
beautiful glabrous shrub or tree. Australia. Syn. Earlia 
excelsa, 
. hortense (garden).* Caricature Plant. /l. crimson, inflated at 
the throat, whorled, in axillary and terminal racemes. July and 
August. J. elliptical, variegated. 1780. (B. R. 1227, under name 
of Justicia picta.) This species—its native country is unknown 
—is largely cultivated throughout the tropics for the beauty of 
its foliage. A gets with purplish leaves and blood-coloured 
veins, is figured in B. M. 1870, under name of Justicia picta 
lurido-sanquinea. ; 
G. medio-auratum. A synonym of Aphelandra medio-aurata. 
GRASSES, ORNAMENTAL. Numerous annual 
species of Grasses are cultivated, for the double purpose 
of rendering mixed flower or shrubbery borders attractive 
in summer, and for the use of the spikes or panicles, in 
a dried state, intermixed with everlasting flowers, or 
arranged separately in vases by themselves, in winter. A 
few perennial species are equally attractive for similar 
purposes, notably Arundo conspicua, Gynerium argenteum 
(Pampas Grass), and Stipa pennata (Feather Grass). 
annuals may be sown in any soil outside, in March or April; 
and if the spikes are intended for drying, they should be 
gathered on fine days before the seeds ripen, and gradually 
dried in a cool place. A selection of the best and most 
ornamental would include Agrostis elegans, nebulosa, and 
pulchella, Briza maxima and minor, Bromus brizeformis, 
Eragrostis elegans, Hordeum jubatum, and Lagurus ovatus. 
It is advisable to treat many of the annual species as 
biennials ; that is to say, sow the seeds in July or August. 
This is too late to allow the plants to flower the same 
year, but they make finer clumps, and produce larger 
spikes, the following season. 
- GRATIOLA (a diminutive from gratia, grace; re- 
ferring to its medicinal virtues). Hedge Hyssop. Syn. 
 Sophronanthe. Orp. Scrophularinee. A genus con- 
taining about twenty species of pretty free - flowering 
hardy herbaceous plants, mostly natives of Central 
_ Europe, North America, and extra -tropical Australia. 
Corolla often white or pale, tubular; limb two-lipped, the 
upper lip notched or cleft into two divisions, the lower 
three-cleft. Leaves opposite, entire or dentate. Gratiolas 
thrive in a rich, moist soil. Propagated readily by dividing 
the roots, in spring. 
G. aurea (golden).* — $ T ; r 
length of the tai 
dotted above. Stem branched s i F Ame- 
rica, 1828. (i. B. C. 1399.) at the base. h. 4in. North Ame 
G. ronse CT A synonym of G. virginiana. 
officinal).* fl. whitish, striated with purple, pedun- 
gew — l. lanceolate, serrated. h. lft. Poono ee 
. pilosa (pilose). 1. white: corolla ines 
little exceeding the calyx ; tube ob f: og as oer bos — 
lanceolate, sparingly and acutely denticulate, closely sessile by 
a broad hase. Stem lft. to 2ft. hi 
root. North America, 1827. igh, from an apparently annual 
G. quadridentata (four-toothed), A synonym of G. ramosa. 
G. ramosa (branched). f/i. white; se: linear i 
long), half the length of the corolla. ae to eo ——— 
The 
Gratiola—continued. 
late or linear-lanceolate, acute, serrate with sharp coarse teeth, 
equalling or shorter than the pedicels. h. 9in. North America, 
1821. Syn. G. quadridentata. 
G. virginiana (Virginian). A., corolla four or five lines long; 
tube yellowish, barely twice the length of, the calyx ; lobes nearly 
white, the two upper emarginate. August. l. commonly gla- 
brous, oblong-lanceolate, acute, from entire to denticulate-serrate, 
mostly narrow at the base. A. 6in. to 9in. North America, 1759, 
SYN. C. carolinensis. 
GRAVESIA (named in honour of C. L. Graves, a 
writer on the plants of Northern France ; he also collected 
in Madagascar). ORD. Melastomacee. A genus contain- 
ing a couple of species of dwarf stove herbs, natives of 
Madagascar. Flowers disposed in few-flowered umbel- 
late cymes; scape solitary, erect. Leaves petiolate, sub- 
radical, ovate-oblong, membranaceous, sub-serrate, five- 
nerved. For culture, see Bertolonia. 
G. guttata (spotted).* J. ovate, 3in. to 6in. long, 2in. to 3in. wide ; 
+ ground colour rith dark green, profusely dotted with rose-coloured 
spots arranged in lines. 1864. (B. M. 5524, under name of 
Bertolonia guttata.) The best varieties are: 
G. g. margaritacea (pearly).* J. ovate-acuminate ; upper surface 
dark olive-green, faintly shaded with purple, with pearly-white 
spots in regular lines; under side bright pink. 1862. Syn. 
Bertolonia margaritacea. 
G. g. superba (superb).* Z. cordate-ovate, acute, greenish-olive, | 
thickly spotted with rather large circular spots, interspersed 
among which are very minute dots of the same colour. SYN. Ber- 
t superbi. i 
Other varieties are: albo-punctata (white-dotted) and roseo- 
punetillata (rosy-dotted), 
GRAY PLUM. The fruit of Parinarium ex- 
celsum (which see). 
GREAT BURNET. See Poterium officinale. 
GREEN DRAGON. See Arum Dracontium, the 
proper name of which is Arisema Dracontium. 
GREEN FLY. See Aphides. 
GREENGAGE. A delicious variety of Plum 
(which see). i 
GREENHEART. See Nectandra Rodiæi. 
GREENHOUSE. A Greenhouse is usually understood 
to be a structure specially devoted to the cultivation or 
exhibition of plants that never require a very high tem- 
perature. It is distinguished from a conservatory by the 
occupants being almost exclusively grown in pots and 
tubs; whereas, in the other instance, many are perma- 
nently planted out. Greenhouses have a wide application, 
ranging from a single house possessed by an amateur, toa 
large structure set apart for the exhibition of plants 
that are previously grown to the flowering stage in other 
houses or pits. Subjects which are available for Green- 
house decoration throughout the year, are almost in- 
numerable, and include a large proportion of the most 
beautiful plants in cultivation. An important essential 
for their general well-being is plenty of light; con- 
sequently, this is one of the first structural conditions 
to be secured. Secondly, provision should be made for 
admitting any quantity of air whenever required, as is 
the case throughout the summer. The best houses of 
modern construction are far before those of former years 
in these respects, the general substitution of large for 
small panes of glass, and glass roofs for slates, having 
effected great improvements. In well-arranged Green- 
houses, where sufficient plants are at command, a fine 
display may be insured throughout the year by having 
a varied selection, and hastening and retarding to keep 
a succession. Nearly all the improved types of florists’ 
flowers and select annuals are available for pot culture 
if desired. Exotic plants are extremely numerous and 
attractive, particularly those from Australia, the Cape of 
Good Hope, the Himalayas, China, and Japan. Many 
hardy flowering plants and shrubs may also be lifted 
from the open ground and forced in early spring—a time 
when Greenhouses are better furnished and more interest- 
ing than at any other season of the year. Where there are 
other houses and pits devoted to the preparation of flower- 
