<a akan otal 
102 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Gummosis, or Gumming—continued. 
arise from many causes; but how do the spores which are 
undeveloped in the viscid gum gain access to them? 
That they cannot be blown there by the wind, is obvious. 
If the Gumming occurs upon the upper branches, of course 
they may be washed down by the rain; but how do they 
spread from tree to tree? Obviously, they must be carried 
—most probably by insects” (Plowright). The best 
remedy against this disease would, therefore, appear to be 
the destruction, by burning, of the infested parts, and 
carefully coating the cut surfaces with some 
preservative solution. A résumé of Dr. Beije- 
rinck’s observations and experiments is given 
in the “ Gardeners’ Chronicle,” n. s., xxii., pp. 
239, 410. Fruit-trees affected by Gumming 
are : Cherries, Peaches, and Plums. Its effects 
on Peach-trees are most to be dreaded, neither 
of the others being so much injured as these. 
In slight cases, the bark should be frequently 
well washed in damp weather, with a brush 
and water; but, where the disease pervades 
the tree to a considerable extent, it is diffi- 
cult to effect a cure. Gumming occurs most 
frequently, and is greatly encouraged, where 
the soil has been too richly manured, and 
growth is consequently over-luxuriant. ‘The 
necessity of removing large branches at pruning 
time should also be specially avoided by judi- 
cious summer stopping of the young shoots, 
in order to divide the sap, and insure an 
equal medium growth throughout. Lifting 
and root-pruning, or planting in a poorer soil, 
might be adopted to check Gumming, where an 
undue growth is encouraging it. 
GUM SENEGAL. See Acacia Senegal. 
GUM-TREE. See Eucalyptus. 
GUNDELIA (named after Andrew Gundelsheimer, a 
German botanist, who accompanied Tournefort in his 
journey into the Levant, in 1709). Syn. Gundelsheimera. 
Fie. 156. GUNDELIA TOURNEFORTIIL 
Gundelia—continued. 
ORD. Composite. A monotypic genus, the species being 
a hardy, lactescent, thistle-like perennial. It thrives 
in a sandy-peat soil, and is propagated by division. 
G. Tournefortii (Tournefort’s). l.-heads purplish, large, in 
terminal clusters. June to August. J. alternate, sessile, pin- 
natifid; lobes and teeth very spiny. h. 14ft. Eastern Asia, 1739, 
See Fig. 156. 
GUNNERA (named in honour of J. E. Gunner, 1718- 
1773, a Swedish bishop and botanist). ORD. Haloragee. 
Fig. 157. GUNNERA SCABRA, 
A genus containing about eleven species of hardy herba- 
ceous perennials, scattered over the Australian, Malayan, 
New Zealand, Pacific, and South American Islands ; also 
found in South Africa, and in the Andes as 
far north as the Gulf of Mexico. Flowers 
greenish, minute, in dense spikes or branched 
panicles. Leaves all radical, large, petiolate, 
ovate or cordate-rotundate, simple or lobed, 
crenate, coriaceous-carnose, often wrinkled. 
Some of the species form noble plants for 
sub-tropical gardening, and grow vigorously in 
a damp, sunny situation, if sheltered from 
winds. A slight protection, such as æ cover- 
ing of dry leaves, is advisable in severe weather. 
Propagated by division. 
G. manicata (sheathed).* 7. 12ft. to 20ft. in circum- 
ference, borne upon stout footstalks from 4ft. to 
6ft. high. 1867. A majestic plant, from the cold and 
freezing regions, known in Southern Brazil under 
the name of Campos des Lages. (I. H. 1824, 128.) 
G. — (well-considered). fl. green. August. 
l. reniform, toothed, shorter — 5 scape in fruit. 
h. 1}ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1688. (B. M. 2376.) 
G. scabra (rough).* M. reddish, small, very numerous, 
disposed on a large club-shaped spike. l. broad, 
4ft. to 5ft. in diameter, borne upon stout prickly 
packs ot = att. in length. — oy et 
ne plant for e lawns or parks. ane 
(F. d. S. 1879.) TR ar 
GUNNERACEÆ. A synonym of Ha- 
loragew. * 
GUNNIA. Included under Sarcochilus 
(which see). ; 
GUSTAVIA (named after Gustavus HL, 
King of Sweden, and a patron of Linnæus). 
Syn, Pirigara. ORD. Myrtaceœ. A genus con- 
sisting of about eleven species of stove ever- 
green trees or shrubs, natives of tropical 
America. Flowers showy; peduncles one- 
