AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 111 
Hamamelis—continued. 
before the leaves of the previous summer drop off, and 
continue on the bush throughout the winter; after the 
petals drop off, in spring, the persistent calyces remain 
on till the leaves reappear in April or May. 
H., arborea (tree-like).* jl., petals clear rich primrose-yellow; 
calyces deep claret. Winter. Japan, 1862. This plant differs 
from the American species in forming a small tree, 15ft. to 20ft. 
high, and in its larger and finer flowers. (G. C. n. s., i., 187; 
B. M. 6659, under name of H. japonica.) 
H, japonica (Japanese). M. lemon-yellow. A form with paler 
flowers, and of much dwarfer habit than H. arborea. H. Zuc- 
—— is an allied form, with pale petals and a greenish-brown 
calyx. 
H. virginica (Virginian).* /. yellow, disposed in axillary clusters. 
October to February. l. obovate, acutely toothed, alternate, on 
short petioles. North America, 1736. Shrub. The seeds of this 
| irait contain a quantity of oil, and are edible; the bark and 
eaves are astringent. (B, M. 6684.) 
HAMATO-SERRATE. Serratures having a some- 
what hooked form. 
HAMELIA (named after Henry Louis du Hamel du 
Monceau, 1700-1782, a celebrated French author). ORD. 
Rubiaceœ. A genus containing six or eight species of 
handsome, ornamental, free-flowering evergreen stove 
shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical America. 
Flowers yellow, reddish or scarlet, in di- or trichotomous 
cymes, sessile or shortly pedicellate; bracts minute. 
Leaves opposite or three to four nate, verticillate, petio- 
late, membranaceous, ovate oblong, and acute at both 
ends. Hamelias succeed best in a compost of sandy peat 
and fibrous loam. Nearly ripened cuttings will root 
during the early part of summer, inserted in sand, under 
glass, with bottom heat. The two species here described 
are those usually seen in stoves. 
i ñ st scarlet ; es di-tric mous, 
migen prei Aaa rg 
a whorl, oval-oblong, pubescent. h. 5ft. to 10ft. South America, 
1752. (B. M. 2533.) 
H. ventricosa (swollen). fl. yellow, almost lin. long, campanu- 
late, ventricose, on long pedicels ; racemes terminal. September. 
k three in a whorl, brous, oval-oblong. h. 8ft. South 
America, 1778. (B. M. 1894; B. R. 1195.) 
HAMILTONIA (named after William Hamilton, an 
eminent American botanist). Syn. Spermadictyon. ORD. 
Rubiacee. A genus comprising three or four species 
of ornamental stove evergreen shrubs, natives of tropical 
and sub-tropical India, China, and the Indian Archipelago, 
Flowers white or blue, fascicled or umbellate; corolla 
funnel-shaped. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, shortly 
petioled. A loam and peat compost is most suited to 
Hamiltonias. Half-ripened cuttings root freely in sand, 
under a glass, with a moist bottom heat. 
H. sca’ iciously fragrant; inflo- 
—— — — — —— 
short-acuminated, scabrous on both su h. 4ft. to 6ft. 
Nepaul, 1823. SYN. Spermadictyon azureum. (B. R. 1235.) 
H. spectabilis (showy). /l. lilac-blue, in large, much-branched 
G mt Lo, i me — — green 
panicles, agreeably sce Winter. 
and smooth above, paler and rough beneath. h. 4ft. to 6ft. 
(R. H. 1872, 191.) 
H. suaveolens (sweet-smelling). fl. pure white, sessile, in ter- 
minal corymb-formed heads, vei fragrant. October. l. broad- 
lanceolate, 3in. to 6in. long. A. 4ft. to 6ft. India to China, 1818. 
(B. R. 348.) 
HAMMER, GARDEN. Hammers are principally 
used in gardening for nailing wall trees. The head 
should be rather short, and quite flat at the end used for 
Fig. 168. GARDEN HAMMER. 
driving nails. The other end should be shaped like a claw, 
and turned back sufficiently to serve as a fulcrum for 
ay out nails that are useless or misplaced. See 
= 168, 
HAMULOSE. Covered with little hooks. 
HANCORNIA (a commemorative name). ORD. Apocy- 
nacee. A monotypic genus. The species is a small, loosely 
or pendulously branched tree, from Brazil. For culture, 
see Tabernemontana. 
H. speciosa (showy). /. sweet-scented, resembling those of 
Jasmine; cymes terminal, few-flowered, shortly pedunculate, 
Jr. yellow, marked with red spots, about the size of a plum, 
edible. 1. opposite, small, oblong, sharp at the base, and rounded, 
but shortly pointed at the apex, penniveined. h, 20ft. The tree 
ields a milky juice, which, when exposed to the air, hardens 
nto a kind of caoutchouc. 
HAND BARROW. See Barrow. 
HAND GLASSES. These are very useful as tem- 
porary coverings for plants that are too tender for being 
fully exposed. They are also utilised in propagating various 
subjects, as the top part may be readily removed and easy 
access thus secured for attending to whatever is inside, 
Various shapes are made, the bases being generally square, 
hexagonal, or octagonal. The first-named is the most con- 
Fic. 169, HAND GLASS. 
venient shape (see Fig. 169), and if the framework is con- 
structed with copper or cast iron and kept painted, it lasts 
a long time, and answers well. Air may be admitted by 
tilting up the movable top, or the latter may be taken off 
and replaced at will. Hand Glasses, when employed for 
propagating purposes, should be glazed airtight, by having 
the glass fitted into the framework without laps. 
HAND-PLANT. See Cheirostemon. 
HAND-WEEDING. The necessity of Hand-weeding 
is now obviated, in a considerable degree, by the general 
insertion of seeds in lines, and the occasional passing of 
the hoe between them. This only misses a few weeds by — 
the sides of plants that may readily be removed when 
thinning takes place; whereas, under the old system of 
sowing broadcast, whole seed beds of any description had 
to be Hand-weeded, to prevent the proper from 
becoming smothered. Hand-weeding gravel walks should 
be practised after a storm, if there are any weeds about, 
as they may then be easily pulled up and destroyed. 
HANGING. A term applied to plants or cuttings 
when only partially inserted in holes, previously made by 
a dibber, the ends not being placed in contact with the 
earth at the base. It is very important that Hanging 
should be avoided, especially with cuttings ; failure to emit 
roots, under such conditions, being almost a certainty. 
HAPLOPAPPUS (from haploos, simple, and pappos, 
down; in reference to the absence of the outer pappns). 
Syn. Aplopappus. ORD. Composite. A genus contain- 
ing sixty species of perennial herbs or sub-shrubs, 
natives of North America, from California to Texas and 
Mexico, Chili and Patagonia. Flower-heads yellow, large 
or medium; pappus often reddish, rarely white; achenes 
glabrous or silky-villous, Leaves alternate, entire, or 
idly ciliate-dentate, rarely pinnatifid. H. spinulosus, 
perhaps the only species yet in cultivation, is a very 
ornamental sub-shrub, of easy culture in ordinary garden 
soil. It may be increased by divisions, or by seeds. 
