112 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Haplopappus—continued. 
H. spinulosus (spiny). /.-heads bright pide yellow, lin. or 
more across.. A . 
ugust, J, — nately cut into 
ħ. 6in. to 18in. oop. S Mountains, 1874, 
UM. Now included under Ruta 
near 
(B. M. 6302.) 
(which see). 
HARDENBERGIA (named in honour of the Countess 
of Hardenberg, sister to Baron Huegel, the celebrated 
traveller). Orp. Leguminosae. A small genus (three 
species have been described) of greenhouse, glabrous, 
twining herbs or under-shrubs, limited to Australia. 
Flowers violet, white, or pinkish, with a yellowish or 
greenish spot on the standard; in axillary racemes. 
Leaves of one, three, or five entire stipelate leaflets. 
The species succeed in a compost of two parts peat 
and one loam, with the addition of a little sand and 
charcoal, to keep the soil open. Propagated by seeds, 
or by cuttings, made of firm young side shoots in 
April, inserted under a bell glass, and placed in a 
warm frame or pit, without bottom heat. Hardenbergias 
are well adapted for planting out, and training up 
rafters in a greenhouse, where there is a little shade in 
summer, and a temperature of 40deg. to 45deg. in 
winter, 
H. Comptoniana (Com " bl 
H. p apor t g eare Agng Me aa de 
of three or four along the racemes. March. 1, 
fi -lanceolate, rather s 
base. 1803. Syns, H. digitata 
60), H. Huegelii, H. —— H., Makoyana, 
ine oniana (A. B. R. 602; B. enned 
tye cia te. * ie. 298), Ki ya 
H. cordata (heart-shaped). A synonym of H. monophylla. 
H. digitata (digitate). A synonym of H. Comptoniana. 
H. Huogelii (Huegel’s). A synonym of H. Comptoniana. 
H. Lindleyi (Lindley’s) A synonym of H. Comptoniana. 
H. Makoyana (Makoy’s). A synonym of H. Comptoniana, 
H. monophylla (one-leaved).* fl. le, usually numerous, in 
y z ihe gyn three together, Koar racemes eiten = 
term panicle, always so us 
less — or oe at the y 
4 R. 944), K i ad. B.C. 1 A 
(B R. 1336; L. B. E 758), K. ovata (B. M. 21 
H. ovata (ovate). A synonym of H. monophylla. 
HARDENING-OFF. This refers to the process of 
gradually inuring plants to a cooler temperature, after they 
have been subjected to heat, either for the encouragement 
of growth, for propagating purposes, or for forcing. It is 
most largely practised in spring, with bedding and other 
plants, that are to be cultivated throughout the summer in 
the open air. To avoid sudden checks to tender foliage or 
flowers, it is important that Hardening-off should be 
conducted by gradual steps, in preference to direct 
: changes from high to low temperatures. 
HARDWICKIA (named after General Hardwicke, 
once of the Fast Indian Company). ORD. Leguminose. 
A genus containing three species of stove evergreen 
trees. Flowers small, racemose; racemes slender, pani- 
culate. Leaves abruptly pinnate, one to three-jugate, 
coriaceous.  Hardwickias thrive in a rich sandy loam. 
Ripened cuttings will root in sand, in a brisk heat. 
H. binata (twin. leaved). ji. yellow, in axillary and terminal 
—— with one pair of ae leaflets opposite, obliquely 
an excellent timber, er S26) ja, 1818. This species yields 
pinnata (pinnate). — . 
ovate- tanceslee, oF dirty yellow. 
— tornim 
l, leaflets alternate, 
ite, one-nerved in the middle, the ulti- 
h: 40ft. to50ft. India 1818. (B. F. S$. 
HARDY PLANTS. Although this title may refer 
to all plants sufficiently hardy to withstand the wishin 
of our variable climate unprotected, it more particularly 
applies to those which are herbaceous and of various 
heights, and to others of dwarf dimensions introduced 
Hardy Plants—continued. 
from alpine regions. ‘They may, in either case, be of 
annual, biennial, or perennial duration. A collection of 
Hardy Plants should form part of the occupants of every 
garden. The treatment of many of the most popular 
and useful is of the easiest description, provided due 
preparation be made in the first place, and ordinary atten- 
tion bestowed afterwards in |keeping the borders cleaned 
and the cultivated plants properly tied up, to protect 
them from rough winds. A large number of species of 
this class of plants are of botanical interest only; but, 
apart from these, a numerous selection, unsurpassed in 
beauty and usefulness when in flower, may be obtained for 
garden embellishment. Some are well adapted for massing 
in large or small beds, according to the several habits of 
plants so employed; the majority, however, most suitable 
for cultivation in private gardens may be better arranged 
in mixed borders, reserving the dwarf and more delicate 
kinds for special culture, if possible, on rockwork. A 
general display at any particular season is not usually the 
rule with Hardy Plants of a varied description, if we except 
that made by Narcissi and numerous other bulbs in spring. 
The flowering period of a mixed collection extends, with 
one or another genus, nearly throughout the year; spring 
and autumn being the seasons when most are represented— 
their requirements being more fully met by a somewhat 
cooler temperature and moister atmosphere than those 
experienced in summer. Various select perennials, grown 
in quantity, afford an invaluable supply of cut blossoms, 
especially in early autumn, when there is a scarcity, under 
glass, of flowers adapted for cutting. Their culture is a 
matter of great importance for this purpose alone. A large 
number of Hardy Plants, particularly the bulbous section, 
flower very early in spring, and these are additionally at- 
tractive on that account. We are indebted to the latter, 
and to a selection of hardy annuals and perennials, for fur- 
nishing flower beds in spring, and making them interesting, 
long before it is possible to plant the summer occupants. 
Spring gardening deserves considerably more attention 
than it at present receives; at least, in localities where the 
climate is favourable, and where there is room in the 
reserve ground for the preparation of plants. Some few 
gardens have a space specially set apart for hardy spring 
flowers, in which the latter are kept all the summer, and 
invariably succeed much better for not being much dis- 
turbed. Hardy bulbs, planted permanently, may be left 
alone with advantage, in such positions; and annual or 
plants can be renewed as becomes necessary. 
A number of plants for spring gardening may be pro- 
pagated annually from seed, or by division of old plants, 
in autumn, according to the different habits, or period 
of duration, belonging to each. Hardy spring-flowering 
subjects, such as Myosotis, Primroses, Polyanthus, Silenes, 
and Wallflowers, in variety, should be sown during the 
middle or latter part of summer, and be prepared, in the 
open ground, for placing out permanently in autumn. 
Dwarf perennials secured in quantity for associating 
with these, are: Alyssum sawatile, Arabis albida and its 
variegated variety, Aubrietias, Daisies, and dwarf species 
of Phlox. All these latter may be divided, and the stock 
largely increased, if desired, after flowering is over, Or, 
better still, in August, on account of dry, hot weather. 
In geometrical summer flower gardening, perennials can 
searcely be appropriately introduced ; but, where bedding 
is of a mixed description, suitable positions may fre- 
quently be found for whole beds or masses of such plants 
as Anemone japonica alba, some of the dwarf species ot 
Aster, Border Carnations, tall-growing Lobelias, Pent- 
stemons, Phloxes, Pyrethrums, &c. These are all attractive 
in their flowering seasons, and materially reduce the supply 
of more tender subjects, by filling the space in their stead. 
The majority of Hardy Plants may be readily raised from 
seeds, which may be sown in pots, and placed in a frame 
with a very slight heat, from the month of February 
throughout the summer; or they may be sown outside, 
