114 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
HARTSTONGUE. See Scolopendrium. 
HARTWEGIA (named after Theodor. Hartweg, once 
a botanical collector for the Horticultural Society). ORD. 
Orchideew. A genus containing about a couple of species 
of curious little stove epiphytal orchids, closely allied to 
Epidendrum. For culture, see Odontoglossum., 
(twin). fl. brilliant erie a ord dg ie. 2, thick, 
semi-terete, channelled, acute, blotched with blackish violet. 
Central America (7), 1878. 
H, 
(purple). f. purple; perianth spreading; lateral 
sepals drawn out at the base, <n n 
nate to the lip ; lip connate with 
the column, ovate. August. h. lft. 
1837. (Ref. B. 94.) 
HASSAGAY OR ASSAGAY TREE. See Cur- 
tisia faginea. 
Mexico and Guatemala, 
Fic. 170. HASTATE LEAF. 
HASTATE. Formed like the head of a halbert. A 
Hastate Leaf is shown at Fig. 170. 
HASTINGIA. A synonym of Holmskioldia (which 
see). 
HAULM. A term often applied to the stems of such 
plants as Beans, Peas, Potatoes, &c. 
> 
HAUTBOIS, or HAUTBOY. ‘See Fragaria 
elatior. 
HAW. = The fruit of the Hawthorn, Crategus Oxy- 
acantha. 
HAWKBIT. See Leontodon. 
HAWKSBEARD. See Crepis. 
HAWKWEED. See Hieracium. 
HAWORTHIA (named after A. H. Haworth, a dis- 
tinguished authority on succulent plants, died 1833). Orn. 
Liliacee. A genus of about sixty species of small, curious- 
looking and very interesting greenhouse succulent Aloe- 
like plants, all—with the exception of a single species 
from Angola—natives of Southern Africa. Flowers 
small; peduncle naked, simple or branched, loosely race- 
mose; bracts small, persistent. Rosette leaves never 
pedunculate, short, broad, thick, fleshy. For culture, 
&e., see Aloe. 
H. albicans (whitish). . about jin. long ; racemes nearly 1ft. ; 
peduncles strong, lft., often branched, Zł. about thirty, dense, 
deltoid-lanceolate, 24in. to 3in. long, lin. to lin. broad; face 
slightly concave ; back round, distinctly keeled. 1795, (B. M. 1452 
under name of Aloe albicans.) ‘ 
H. arachnoides (cobweb-like). A. about sin. long ; raceme loose, 
about lft.; peduncles simple, nearly or quite lit. J. thirty to 
forty, oblong-lanceolate, ljin. to 2in. long, scarcely more than 
in. e glaucous-green; back round, one or two-keeled. 
—— (B. M. 756, under name of Aloe arachnoides.) 
H. atrovirens (dark-green). /. about jin. long; 
; n). fl. jin. g; raceme loose, 
few-flowered ; hole simple, slender, about lft. Z. thirty to 
forty, dense, oblong-lanceolate, }in. long, about half as much 
broad, dark green ; face swollen ; margin armed with small teeth. 
1823. (B. M. 1361, under name of Aloe arachnoides pumila.) 
H. attenuata (attenuated). 7. in. long; raceme loose, 6in.: pe- 
—— less than 1ft., simple or branched. J. thirty to Tiy. 
— ele te, 24in. to in. long ; face flat, back 
—— ious to 1790; (B. M. 1345, under name of Aloe 
H. 
cymbiformis (boat-formed). ff. 3in. Jong; raceme loose, 6i 
long —— a under 1ft, Z. ———— iwonin iro s 
4 ' —— wie , ĝin. broad, pale on ; face slightly 
* . 1795. (B. M. 
. fl Zin. long; raceme loose, 6in. long; 
z 3 , ) ? . 3 pe- 
Saanane. A ue or branched. Z forty to sixty, dense, 
—— bak seal — din. wide ; face glaucous- 
H. mar (pearl-bearing). (fl. 4in, long - i ` 
peduncles 1ft. or more in length, traanor® (dines to tone 
dense, ascending, lanceodlate-deltoid, 2in. to Zi = 
broad at base; face swollen; back round, — kore; bak 
concave; back 
k 
duncles nearly 1ft. 
Haworthia—continued. 
sides endowed with irregular series of large pearly tubercles. 
1739. Syn. Aloe margaritifera. 
m, granata ained) is a smaller-growing form, with 
somewhat different tubercles. (B. M. 1360, under name of Aloe 
margaritifera minima. ) 
H. Reinwardatii (Reinwardt’s). #. about sin. long ; raceme loose, 
few-flowered, 6in. long; peduncles simple, Gin. long. J. ascend- 
ing, ovate-lanceolate, in. to lJin. long, żin. broad ; face swollen, 
shining ; back round ; apex obscurely keeled. 1820. 
H. retusa (retuse). A. jin. long; raceme loose, bin. ; peduncles 
simple, less than lft. long. J. ten to fifteen, patent, oblong, acute, 
lin, to lin. long, fin. broad; face swollen, bright green; apex 
cuspidate. 1720. (B. M. 455, under name of Aloe retusa.) 
H. rigida (rigid). A. about }in. long ; raceme loose, 6in. ; peduncle 
bin. to 12in., simple or branched. /. ovate-lanceolate, brownish-red, 
lin. to l}in. long, about in. broad; face concave; back round, 
with minute tubercles, 1795. (L. B. C. 1430, under name of Aloe 
expansa.) 
H. tortuosa (twisted). /l. slightly over in. long ; raceme loose, 
sub-secund, 6in. to 9in. long } peduncle simple or forked. l. spirally 
arranged, ovate-lanceolate, all ascending, l4in. to 2in. long, fin. 
broad, dark green; face hollowed out; back swollen; apex sub- 
pungent. 1 (B. M. 1337, under name of Aloe rigida.) 
H. viscosa (clammy). f. fin. long ; raceme loose, 6in. to Yin. long, 
few-flawered ; peduncles simple, slender, 6in. long. 1. ascending, 
imbricate, ovate, acute, dark green, lin. to Lyin. long, sin. broad ; 
face profoundly hollowed out; back swoHen. 1727. (B. M. 814, 
under name of Aloe viscosa.) 
HAWTHORN. See Crategus Oxyacantha. 
HAWTHORN CATERPILLARS. The Hawthorn, 
or Whitethorn, is attacked by the Caterpillars of numerous 
species of insects, considerably over 100 having been 
recorded as feeding on it; but, among these, only a few 
do sufficient damage to require a detailed account of 
their ravages. They belong to various groups of insects, 
and most of them are hurtful to several other plants; 
hence, in this place, references will be given to other 
headings for some of the insects named. Several belong 
to the Lepidoptera, or butterflies and moths; others to 
the Tenthredinide, or sawflies. The more injurious 
Lepidoptera are as follows: Aporia Crategi (Black- 
veined White Butterfly), an insect not unlike a large 
Cabbage White Butterfly, but with the wing-veins black, 
and the wings almost semi-transparent and unspotted. 
The caterpillars, while young, live together in a web spun 
over the ‘leaves and branches; but, when full-grown, they 
separate and live singly. ‘They are then bluish-grey, with 
black head, legs, anal lobes, and spiracles, and three 
bands on the back, alternating with two yellow-brown 
bands. The pups are fixed to the branches. ‘These 
insects, in some parts of England, are common enough 
to do harm. Liparis chrysorrhea (Brown-tail Moth) and 
L. auriflua (Gold-tail Moth) are thick-bodied moths, — 
about Ijin. in spread of wing, white, with a coloured 
tuft of hair in the tail; and in L. awriflua there are 
dark spots on the front wings. The eggs are laid on the 
branches, and are covered with the coloured hairs of the 
tuft. The larvæ live in slender webs among the leaves; 
they are hairy, with tufts of coloured hairs on tubercles 
on certain segments. L. auriflua, in particular, is often 
common and destructive (see Liparis). Looper Cater- 
pillars (see Hybernia and Winter Moth). Hypono- 
meuta padella (Small Ermine Moth), and one or two 
other species of the same genus, though small moths, 
are often so numerous as to do great injury to trees and 
shrubs. Fig. 171 will sufficiently indicate the appear- 
ance of the insect, and of the web spun by the larve 
for protection. The varieties of moths in the genus are 
much alike, their front wings being white or grey, with 
numerous small black dots; the lower wings are darker, 
and uniform. H. padella is searcely lin. in breadth 
of wings; the others are slightly larger. The females 
deposit their eggs on branches, in autumn, covering 
them with a gummy substance, to protect them. The 
larvæ emerge in spring, and, for a time, feed between 
the surfaces of the leaves. Afterwards, they eat the 
epiderm also; and subsequently spin a web in common 
around new leaves, on which they then feed in safety- 
