126 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Helianthus— continued. 
FiG, 197. HELIANTHUS ANNUUS CALIFORNICUS PLENISSIMUS, 
showing Habit and detached Single Flower-head. 
Compositæ. A genus containing about fifty species of 
most part, of North America; a few, however, are found 
in Peru and Chili. Flower-heads very large; ray-florets 
w 
in 
FiG. 198. FLOWERING BRANCH OF HELIANTHUS —— 
tall, hardy, annual or perennial herbs, natives, for the ` 
Helianthus—continued. 
yellow; disk-florets purple or violet. Leaves large, 
simple, scabrid. All the species are of easy culture in 
almost any moderately good garden soil. The taller- 
growing ones are best adapted for growing in a shrub- 
bery, or in the back rows of herbaceous borders, where 
they will require plenty of space to fully develop. Propa- 
gated by divisions; or by seeds, sown either in pots, and 
the seedlings afterwards transplanted, or in the open 
ground, about March. 
Hy tifolius (narrow-leaved). _fl.-heads about 14in. across, 
numerously disposed in a long, leafy raceme. September and 
October. Z. dark green, narrow, tufted, glossy. Stems slender, 
h. 25ft. Perennial. 
H. annuus (annual).* Common Sunflower. M. hedds very large, 
varying in size and colour. Summer. k. 6ft. Western United 
States, 1596. (B. M. 2051.) Of the many varieties of this annual 
species, the finest is globosus fistulosus (see Fig. 196), the flowers 
of which are very large, and of a splendid, extremely double, 
globular form, when fully developed. It is best grown in a 
rich, deep soil. Other forms are : californicus plenissimus (see 
Fig. 197), cucwmerifolius, giganteus, and grandiflorus. 
H. a. macrocarpus (large-fruited), A cultivated race, with 
larger and lighter-coloured achenes, long cultivated in Russia, 
&c., for food and oil. 
H. argophyllus (silver-leaved). l.-heads yellow. Autumn. l. 
clothed with a soft, silky, silvery down. Ah. 6ft. Texas. This 
species is closely allied to H. annuus, into which it appears to 
egenerate under cultivation. Annual. See Fig. 198. 
H. atrorubens (dark-red). jl.-heads scattered ; disk dark red or 
purple; rays yellow, acuminated, entire. l, radical ones flat, 
iry ; upper ones twisted and waved, hairy, tuberculated. Stems 
— rough, with whitish hairs. h. 2ft. to 3ft. United States, 
732. Perennial. 
H. decapetalus (ten-petaled). fl.-heads about 2in. across, ter- 
minal, solitary, on slender, twiggy branchlets. Autumn. l, 
lower ones somewhat ovate-acuminate, hardly 6in. long ; upper 
ones 2in, to din. long; all somewhat obscurely serrate. h. Fit. 
Perennial. (B. M. 3510.) ý ; 
Fie. 199, FLOWERING BRANCH OF HELIANTHUS DECAPETALUS 
MULTIFLORUS. 
H. d. multifiorus (many-flowered).* This isa very old garden 
. y old gar 
pass — known in cultivation. It has firmer leaves, larger 
eads, and more numerous bracts than decapetalus. See Fig. 199. 
