THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Hippophae—continued. 
i. linear-lanceolate, bluntish, dotted, silvery beneath. Branches 
ending in a spine. h. 2ft. to 20ft. Europe (England), North and 
— Asia, Himalaya. H. salicifolia, the Himalayan form of 
es 
ies, is hardly different from the one which is found on the 
English coasts. (Sy. En. B. 1245.) 
HIPPURIS (the old Greek name used by Diosco- 
rides, from hippos, a horse, and owra, a tail; in allusion 
to the resemblance of the stem to a horse’s tail). ORD. 
Haloragee. A genus comprising one or two species of 
glabrous aquatic herbs, natives of Europe, Central and 
t Northern Asia, North and Antarctic America. H. vul- 
garie is the only species which calls for special men- 
tion. It is a perennial, and thrives in a bog, pond, or 
marshy situation. Propagated by division of the roots, 
or by seeds. ; 
(c ). Co 
anthers red, Summer. 7. linear, apes seta , entire. Stems 
— erect; upper part projecting out of the water sometimes 
to the height of Sin. or 10in., crowded by whorls of from eight to 
& twelve leaves. Europe (Britain), Asia, &c. (Sy. En. B. 516. 
HIRSUTE. Clothed with somewhat soft hairs. 
HISPID. Covered with rather stiff hairs. 
HOARY. Covered with grey or whitish hairs, not 
readily distinguished by the naked eye. 
HODGSONIA (named after B. H. Hodgson, F.1.S.). 
ORD. Cucurbitacee. 
perhaps two) species. H. heteroclita is a remarkable 
shrub, native of Eastern Bengal and the Malay Archi- 
pelago. It requires an almost tropical heat and damp 
in summer, but not in winter, when it ought to be kept 
more cool and dry. ‘It has not yet flowered in this 
country. Propagated from imported seeds, or by cut- 
tings, inserted in sandy soil, under a bell glass, in 
bottom heat. — 
H. ta (anomalous). /. yellow outside, white within, 
. large, with long filiform twisted appendages hanging from their 
lobes; very deciduous. May. fr. large, Ppi pE l. per- 
sistent, coriaceous, palmately lobed ; lobes entire. The stems are 
described by Sir Joseph Hooker as slender, frequently 100ft. long, 
climbing the forest trees, and having their branching ends matted 
together, and covered with leaves, which sometimes form a dense 
screen of bright green foliage. (C. H. P. 1, 2, 3.) 
HOES ‘and HOEING. There are numerous forms 
and varieties of Hoes adapted for use, according to the 
special purpose for which any are required, and the 
condition or nature of the soil, whether light or heavy. 
They are indispensable garden implements for drawing 
Marestail. fl, greenish, minute; 
FIG. 231. SWAN-NECKED DRAW HOE. 
drills for seeds, thinning and cleaning crops, breaking the 
-~ surface of the soil, earthing up, &c. The principal forms 
are the Draw Hoe and the Dutch or Thrust Hoe, both 
of which are manufactured in many widths. Draw Hoes 
were originally all made with a short neck, and a circular 
eye for fixing the handle in. In using these, the soil 
Fig. 232. TRIANGULAR HOE. 
gets much clogged on and around the eye. A great 
improvement, which prevents this clogging considerably, 
has now been effected by the almost general use of the 
shape known as the Swan-necked (see Fig. 231). In 
these, the handle is inserted in a socket, which is con- 
A genus consisting of only one (or — 
. finished, as he does with the Draw Hoe. 
Hoes and Hoeing—continued. 
nected with the blade by a curved solid neck. The blade 
should be made of steel plates, welded on iron necks. This 
process was previously thought impossible, or at least 
difficult, but is now readily accomplished. The width 
of the plate varies from 2in. to Qin. in the different 
sizes. Hoes with a flat triangular head, and three 
points (see Fig. 232), are sometimes used for making 
Fig. 233, SPANISH OR VERNON HOE. 
drills; and the Spanish or Vernon Hoe (see Fig. 233) 
is a form with only one point. Dutch Hoes (see Fig. 
234) are very useful for destroying weeds, or for loosen- 
ing the surface, where the soil is not too stiff or wet. 
Fig. 234. DUTCH HOE, 
A workman, in using the Dutch Hoe, walks backwards, 
and, consequently, does not tread on the ground after it is 
A combina- 
tion Draw Hoe, or Mattock and Fork, sometimes termed 
Fig. 235. DRAW HOE AND FORK COMBINED. 
a Pickfork, is shown in Fig. 235. It is very useful for ` 
loosening and breaking hard lumps of soil, and the forked 
part is frequently utilised with advantage in unloading 
manure. Another and stronger form of a similar descrip- 
Fig. 236. DRAG HOE OR PICKFORK. 
tion is represented in Fig. 236. Hoeing forms a consider- 
able portion of routine work in gardens. Nearly all crops 
are much benefited by the surface soil being kept loose; 
and large numbers of seedling weeds are destroyed, at the 
same time, by running the Hoe through in dry weather. 
The thinning of crops is much practised with Draw 
Hoes. It should only be entrusted to workmen who 
understand the use of the implement, as, otherwise, 
many plants will be cut up that should have remained. 
