152 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Horehound—continued. 
The product obtained by soaking the leaves and tops in 
boiling water, has long been a popular medicine for sub- 
duing irritating coughs, frequently proving effective when 
other and more valued remedies have failed. Horehound 
may be readily propagated by seeds, sown in March; by 
division of the roots, in spring; or by cuttings, inserted 
in a shady position outside. Plant about 15in. apart. 
Keep the ground clean between, and the roots will last 
several years. The annual growths may be cut when 
the flowers open, and dried in a cool shed, for use in 
winter. 
HORKELIA. This genus is now included under 
Potentilla (which see). 
HORMINUM (from horminon, the old Greek name 
given to a kind of Sage, by Dioscorides). ORD. Labiate. 
A monotypic genus. The species is an elegant hardy 
herbaceous perennial, thriving in an open border, in a 
`- well-drained situation. It is readily increased by dividing 
at the root, or by seed. 
er Tork piel nediing: wkoris AAMA AS BAASIN nanan 
Summer, /. almost all radical, petiolate, ovate, obtuse, deeply 
crenated, h. 6in. to12in. Pyrenees to Tyrol, 1820. (S. B. F, G. ) 
HORNBEAM. See Carpinus Betulus. 
HORNED POPPY. See Glaucium. 
HORNEMANNIA. A synonym of Mazus (which see). 
HORN MANURE. See Manures. 
HORN OF PLENTY. The common name of Fedia 
Cornucopiæ (which see). > 
‘HORNY. Hard; of the consistence of horn. 
HORSE BEAN. See Faba vulgaris equina. 
HORSE CHESTNUT. See Zsculus. 
HORSE-DUNG. The special use of Horse-dung by 
itself is for Mushroom culture. For this purpose, it is 
best suited if collected from stables where the horses have 
been fed chiefly on corn, hay, and other dry food. Horse- 
dung is of little use when medicine has lately been given 
to the horses, or when green grass has formed a large 
ferred for hotbeds, when the whole of the droppings are 
left in it, as heat is thereby engendered, and the ferment- 
ing material much improved. Horse-dung is not so much 
used for making manure water as sheep, deer, or cow- 
z dung; but that obtained from a large manure heap in wet 
weather is usually of good quality, and not very liable to 
burn or otherwise cause injury to plants. Horse-dung may 
be beneficially applied to cold, heavy soils. It may be 
used nearly fresh, and dug in with a portion of the litter 
aswell. When not specially applied for rendering heavy 
soil lighter, but as a manure, it should be previously well 
turned, and moistened if any part is dry. When a heap 
is allowed to Lecome very hot, it gets quite dry and white 
_ in the middle, the ammonia escapes, and the manure is 
_ comparatively worthless. Horse-dung may be used with 
good results as a top-dressing for producing an immediate 
action on growing crops. 
Z (Cochlearia Armoracea). 
known y perennial, naturalised in Britain and many 
other countries, and widely cultivated in the temperate 
regions of the Old World, from the earliest historic periods, 
for the use of its roots, when scraped into fine shreds, 
for culinary purposes. Large quantities of roots are im- 
ported, but the best home-grown crops are much superior. 
It grows in almost any position, and is frequently neg- 
lected on that account. The best and tenderest roots 
are those grown on rich soil, which must be of good 
depth, and, preferably, in a rather moist situation. In 
‘private gardens, a large quantity is not usually required, 
as the roots that have been partly used keep fresh and 
good, in damp sand, for a long time. Any pieces of 
root form a crown, and this is the usual method of pro- 
A well- 
portion of their food. Stable litter is much to be pre- | 
Horse-Radish—continued. 
pagation. The aim should be to obtain roots as large 
as possible (see Fig. 241) before they are old enough to 
become hard. There are several methods of cultivation 
adopted by different growers for attaining this end, the 
following being considered amongst the most success- 
ful: Dig trenches from 2ft. to 3ft. deep, and, when 
filling them in, throw 15in. of the original top soil into 
the bottom; then place a layer of good manure over 
this, and dig it in, afterwards filling up the trench with 
the soil that was before in the bottom. When several 
trenches are being prepared, the first may be dug the 
full depth, and the soil from the one adjoining used 
as far as the trenches proceed. The object is to get the 
best soil down low, where the secondary or side roots are, 
and to have a poorer soil round the portion intended to 
Fic. 241. Horse-Rapisu. 
be used. Some growers trench ground deeply, and make 
holes with a crowbar, about 1ft. apart, in rows, after- 
wards dropping a crown, with a portion of root attached, 
into the bottom. A large proportion succeed when 
treated in this way, and form straight roots in growing 
to the surface. Another successful method, which may, 
perhaps, be considered the best, is that adopted by some 
cultivators for market: Raised narrow beds are formed, 
somewhat like those for Asparagus, and any quantity of 
rich manure dug or trenched into them. In planting, 
straight roots, from 6in. to 9in. in length, are laid in a 
horizontal direction, about 1ft. apart, with the head, or, 
crown part, to the outside edge, and covered with about 
Gin. of soil. The leaves from the crown turn and grow 
upright, and secondary roots grow from the main one 
downwards, and supply nourishment for enlarging it. 
