AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE, 153 
Horse-Radish—continued. 
- In digging the large roots for use, it is only necessary 
to insert the spade horizontally beneath them, and lift 
the whole out. 
cellent stock for treating in a similar way. Horse- 
Radish should be allowed two or three years to develop, 
and a plantation should be made annually to keep a 
succession. All the side shoots surrounding the crown 
should be removed, except the strongest one, and the 
ground frequently hoed between the plants, in summer. 
Any portion of the root grows, and forms a crown, 
which sometimes renders the plant a nuisance, 
HORSE-RADISH TREE. See Moringa ptery- 
- gosperma, 
HORSESHOE VETCH. See Hippocrepis. 
HORSETAIL. See Equisetum. 
HORSFIELDIA (named after Thomas Horsfield, 
1773-1859, an American botanist). Syn. Schubertia. 
ORD. Araliacee. A genus comprising two species of tall 
stove evergreen prickly shrubs, natives of Java, only one 
of which has yet been introduced. Umbels capituliform, 
small; panicles sub-sessile. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 
cordate or peltate, three to five-lobed, or palmately five 
to nine-fid, tomentose or woolly beneath. For culture, 
see Aralia. 
H. aculeata (prickly). fl. greenish-yellow; panicle terminal, 
densely clothed with stellate tomentum. l. cordate, five-lobed ; 
upper ones three-lobed, covered with stellate tomentum beneath. 
HORTENSIA. A synonym of Hydrangea (which 
see). 
HORTENSIS. Of or belonging to a garden. The 
word is frequently contracted thus: hort. 
HOSACKIA (named in honour of David Hosack, 
1769-1835, once Professor of Botany in the University 
of New York). ORD. Legwminose. A genus comprising 
about twenty-five species of pretty dwarf hardy annual 
or perennial herbs, found in Oregon, California, Mexico, 
&e. Flowers yellow or reddish, usually disposed in 
umbels. Leaves impari-pinnate, or rarely trifoliolate. 
Hosackias are very rare in cultivation, but are weil 
adapted for rockwork, and thrive in any ordinary garden 
soil. They may be easily increased by seeds, or by 
divisions. 
H, bicolor (two-coloured). fl. six to ten in each umbel ; standard 
and keel yellow; wings white. Summer. 1. with seven to nine 
leaflets. h. 14ft. North America, 1823. Perennial. SYN. Lotus 
Pinndtus (under which name it is figured in B. M..2913). 
H. crassifolia (thick-leaved). A. umbels ca: itate, many-flowered, 
nodding ; petals greenish, with chocolate-coloured middles. June. 
i. pinnate, with an odd one; leaflets opposite or alternate, ovate 
or oval, mucronulate ; stipules herbaceous, ovate, acute. h. 3ft. 
ornia. Perennial. (B. R. 1977, under name of H. stolonifera.) 
HOSTA (of Jacquin). A synonym of Cornutia 
(which see), 
HOSTA (of Trattinick). 
(which see). - 
HOTBEDS. These are composed of fermenting ma- 
terial, prepared for supplying heat to plants, either in 
s or houses, They are also sometimes used for en- 
couraging growth in tender plants or seedlings in the 
open air. When properly managed, Hotbeds are extremely 
useful, especially in spring, in supplying a moist, genial 
heat for propagating and growing-on all sorts of soft- 
wooded plants. Cuttings of the various bedding plants 
Tequired in quantities emit roots and grow much faster 
on a Hotbed than when placed where there is only fire 
heat. In preparing fermenting material of the best 
quality, fresh stable litter should be secured and thoroughly 
mixed with an equal portion, or a larger quantity, of newly- 
collected leaves. If any part is dry, it should be well 
Watered when mixing, and the whole heap turned over 
very alternate day for about a week. By this time, it 
Vol. IL. 
A synonym of Funkia 
The secondary roots then form an ex- 
Hotbheds—continued. 
will be ready for forming a, Hotbed, by building a heap 
the shape of the frames to be used, and allowing an extra 
width of 3ft. all round; or for placing inside any perma- 
nent pit of sufficient depth. It is important that the whole 
should be firmly and evenly trodden, to insure against 
any one part settling together closer than another, and 
for securing a uniform heat throughout. All rank steam 
should be allowed to pass off before any plants are placed 
inside the frames, and shading should be applied during 
sunshine, if there is a danger of steam being present. It 
is well to allow a little ventilation at the top of the 
frames or pits, night and day, for a short time after beds 
are newly made up. Hotbeds made up on the surface 
of the ground, for propagating purposes, should not be 
less than 3ft. or 4ft. in thickness, apart from the neces- 
sary filling up of the frame with similar material. Stable 
litter, by itself, heats much too violently, and does not 
last long; when mixed with a good proportion of leaves, 
the heating properties are somewhat slower, but of a 
lasting description, and, consequently, much better suited - 
to the requirements of plants. A layer of ashes or cocoa- 
nut fibre, placed over the surface, is extremely useful for 
plunging small pots. ' ae 
HOTEIA JAPONICA. A synonym of Astilbe 
japonica (which see). 
. HOTTENTOT BREAD. Se Testudinaria Ele- 
phantipes. 
HOTTENTOT CHERRY. 
cenia. 
HOTTENTOT FIG. See Mesembryanthemum 
edule. 
HOTTONIA (named after P. Hotton, 1648-1709, 
a Dutch botanist, Professor at Leyden). ORD. Primu- 
lacew. A genus comprising two species of hardy peren- 
nial aquatic herbs, natives of Europe, North-west Asia, 
and North America. Flowers white or lilac, dimorphic, 
honeyed, in whorls, forming a terminal raceme. Leaves 
pinnatifid, submerged. H. palustris, the species usually 
seen under cultivation, is a handsome plant. It thrives 
in shallow ponds. Propagated by divisions, in spring; 
or by seeds, sown at the same season. 
H. palustris (marsh).* Featherfoil ; Water Violet. f. lilac, with 
Sn ee eat ei tome came 
ats — (Britain): West Siberia. (Sy. En. B. 1128.) 
HOULLETIA (named after M. Houllet, a French 
gardener). ORD. Orchidee. A genus of about half-a- 
dozen species of ornamental orchids, natives of Columbia 
and Brazil. Perianth spreading ; sepals nearly free ; 
petals a little smaller, unguiculate ; lip continuous with 
the base of the column, which is erect, arched, and 
clavate. Houlletias thrive in pots, in a compost of peat 
and charcoal. Perfect drainage, and a owe supply 
during the growing season, are nee opa- — 
oso ae effected by divisions of the pseudo-bulbs, 
as growth commence 
i Í rst’s). . din. to jin. in 
H, Brocklohurstiens erway with darker Bor : ip seliow, 
dark brown; spikes about six-flowered, from 
wisi a i broad, on — 
See Cassine Mauro- 
udo-bulbs. Summer. 
spotted ded 
sides of the short re Brazil, 1841. (B. M. 4072.) 
long petioles, pale green. h. 1)ft. 
H. chrysantha (golden flowered : ; —— — 
golden-yellow, profusely blotched with chocolate; lip 
— freckled with crimson; spike from the base of the 
8 
o-bulbs, six to eight-flowered. l solitary, 
, plaited. Columbia, 1872. (I. H. xviii. 138.) _ 
—— r bout 14in. across 
Low’s). A. yellowish-white, about 1, ; 
. a —— ts forwards or sideways, one to three- 
flowered. l. cuneate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, plaited, unequal. 
Pseudo-bulbs very short, whitish-green. Columbia, 1874. 
odoratissima (very swank scontodi A ; — 
, striped with a lighter colour; li > 
Se" spike from the side of the pseudo-bulbs. 
sen. h, lift. 
x 
fl. large, 14in. broad; sepals ; 
