164 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Hydrolea— continued. 
caroliniana (Carolina). /l. blue, one to tive together, axil- 
lary, almost sessile. Summer. Jl. lanceolate, very acute, lin, to 
in. long. Ah. 1ft. to 2ft. North Carolina, 1824. Syn. H. quadri- 
valvis. 
H. corymbosa (corymbose). /l. blue, in a terminal corymbose 
cyme; sepals linear-lanceolate, villous-hispid. Summer. l. 
lanceolate, nearly sessile, glabrous. h. lft, to 2ft. South 
Carolina to Flori 
H. quadrivalvis (four-valved). A synonym of H. caroliniana. 
H. osa (thorny). ji. pale blue, terminal, corymbose, June 
and July. J. lanceolate. h. lft. South America, 1791, See 
Fig. 254. (B. R. 566.) 
HYDROLEZ. A tribe of Hydrophytlacea. 
HYDROMESTUS. Now included under Aphelandra, 
HYDROPELTIS (from hydros, water, and pelte, a 
buckler; the plant grows in water, and has leaves in the 
form of a buckler). Orb. Nympheacew. A very pretty 
little hardy aquatic plant, which should be grown in a 
pond or a cistern of water. Increased by offsets. 
purpurea (purple). jl. purple, closing and lying down on the 
surface of the water at night ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered. 
Summer. /. alternate, on long — oval, peltate, entire, 
floating. North America, 1798. e correct name of this plant 
is Brasenia peltata. (B. M. 1147.) 
HYDROPHYLLACEÆ. A small order of annual 
or perennial herbs, rarely suffrutescent, natives, for the 
most part, of North-west America, Flowers chiefly blue or 
white, in one-sided cymes or racemes, which are mostly 
bractless and coiled from the apex when: young, as in 
the Borage family. Leaves usually alternate, entire, 
dentate, or pinnate, hispid. There are sixteen genera and 
150 species. Illustrative genera are: Emmenanthe, Hy- 
drolea, Hydrophytlum, Nemophita, Phacelia. 
' HYDROPHYLLUM (from hydor, water, and phyllon, 
a leaf; leaves loaded with water in spring time). ORD. 
Hydrophyllacee. This genus comprises about six species 
of erect or diffuse hardy perennial herbs, natives of North 
America. Flowers white or pale blue, in cymose clusters; 
corolla bell-shaped, five-cleft. Leaves ample. The species 
thrive in any ordinary border, in somewhat damp soil. 
Propagated by divisions, or by seeds. 
H. ——— — {appendiculate). fl. blue; cymes rather 
loosely-flowered. June and July. /., stem ones mately five- 
lobed, rounded, the lobes toothed and pointed ; the lowest pin- 
nately divided. h. 9in. 1812. Tear 
H. canadense (Canadian), fl. nearly white, crowded, on very 
short pedicels; calyx lobes linear-awl-shaped, nearly smooth. 
June to August. ¿. palmately five to seven-l , rounded, heart- 
— at the hase, unequally toothed. h. lft, 1759. (B. R. 
-) 
virginicum (Virginian). /l. blue; calyx lobes narrowly-linear, 
bristly-ciliate. June to August. l. pinnately divided; divisions 
five to seven, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, pointed, sharply cut- — 
toothed, the lowest mostly two-parted, the uppermost confluent, 
h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1739. (B. R. 331.) 
HYDROTÆNIA. A synonym of Tigridia (which see). 
= HYEMALIS. Of or belonging to winter. The term 
is usually applied to plants which flower in winter. 
= HYGROMETER. For horticultural purposes, the 
best instrument for ascertaining the degree of humidity 
ìn the air is the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer. This 
consists simply of a couple of fine tubes, carefully 
graduated, containing mercury. The bulb of the one 
should be covered with thin muslin; and round the neck, 
and over the ‘muslin, should be twisted loosely, or tied 
in a loose knot, a conducting thread of lamp wick or 
some similar material: this must pass into a vessel of water, 
about 3in. from the bulb, and a little on one side, so 
that evaporation may not affect the reading of the dry 
bulb by its too near vicinity. The Hygrometer just 
described is. less complicated and expensive than those 
in which the dew-point is ascertained by the use of 
ether, &c.; and, moreover, it allows of continuous obser- 
: a _ Hygrometrical tables, adapted to the use of 
he Dı , ‘and Wet Bulb Thermometer, have been compiled 
by James 
mes Glaisher, F.R.S., and published in pamphlet 
HYGROMETRICAL. Indicating the approach of 
moisture. 3 
HYMENÆA (from Hymen, the god of marriage; 
referring to the twin leaflets). Locnst-tree. Onn, 
Leguminose. A genus comprising eight species of orna- 
mental stove evergreen trees, natives of tropical America. 
Flowers white, large or medium. Leaves bifoliolate ; 
leaflets coriaceous. Hymenzas will thrive in a compost of 
peat and rich loam. Firm cuttings will root, during spring, 
in sand, in bottom heat. The only species yet cultivated 
is the one here described. : 
H. Courbaril (Courbaril). Anime Resin. J. yellow, striped 
with purple. /. oblong-ovate, unequal-sided, and unequal at the 
base, ending in a long acumen. A. 40ft. to 60ft. South America, 
1688, This tree furnishes a valuable resin, and its timber is of a 
fine brown colour, hard, and close-grained ; it is used for building _ 
and other purposes in its native country. 
HYMENANDRA (from hymen, a membrane, and — 
aner, andros, a man; the anthers are connected by a 
membrane). ORD. Myrsinew. A monotypic genus, the 
species being a stout evergreen shrub, often cultivated 
in stoves for the sake of its handsome foliage. For 
culture, see Ardisia (to which the genus is allied). 
H. Wallichii (Wallich’s). /l. pink, disposed in compound lateral 
umbels; corollas wheel-shaped, five-parted. Z. large, leathery 
— —— pellucid-dotted. A. 2ft. to aſt. Western Bengal 
an M1, 
ANTHERA (from hymen, a membrane, and 
anther ; anthers terminated by a membrane). Syn. Solen- 
antha. ORD. Violariex, A genus comprising about four 
species of greenhouse or half-hardy evergreen rigid shrubs 
or small trees, natives of Australia and New Zealand. 
Flowers small, axillary, frequently polygamous. Leaves 
alternate, often clustered, small, entire or toothed, without 
stipules. The species thrive in two parts sandy peat, 
and one of fibry loam. Young cuttings root readily in 
sand, under a bell glass ; 
H, crassifolia (thick-leaved). /l. yellowish, small; pedicels 
solitary, axillary. Berries white, łin. long, oblong-obtuse, very 
ornamental. J, alternate or tufted, linear-spathulate, entire. 
h, 2ft. to 4ft. New Zealand, 1875. Hardy in the South of 
England. (G. C. n. s„ iii, 237.) 
H. dentata (toothed). yl. yellow, small, axillary ; peduncles soli- 
tary, one-flowered. April. & from oblong-elliptical to linear, 
obtuse or acute, coriaceous, sessile or narrowed into a short 
petiole. h. 6ft. New. th Wales, 1824. (B. M. 3163.) 
OCALLIS (from hymen, a membrane, and 
kallos, beauty; referring to the membranous. cup in- 
side the flower). Including Choretis and Ismene. ORD. 
Amaryllidew. A genus containing about a score species 
of stove or greenhouse bulbous-rooted plants, from North 
and Sonth America and the West Indies. Flowers white, 
in umbels, very fragrant; perianth tube straight, elon- 
gated, scarcely widened at the throat. Leaves usually 
persistent, lorate. Many species usually classed in gar- 
dens under this genus are Pancratiums. The stove 
species require a strong, loamy soil, well drained, 
and a liberal allowance of pot-room. The bulbs should 
be buried just below the surface of the soil, and they 
must always be kept moist, more especially during 
the summer. The best of the stove kinds is H. macro- 
stephana, which is as useful and beautiful as the 
Eucharis. The greenhouse species thrive under the 
above treatment, except that during their resting period 
(winter) they should be kept dry. A few kinds, which 
are known in gardens as Ismenes, may be grown in 
the open border, if sheltered from cold winds, and 
well drained; but it is only in very favoured situations, 
in England, that these plants prove satisfactory when 
grown altogether out of doors. They may, however, 
be planted out during the summer, and be taken up, 
and placed in sand, in a shed or frame, for the winter. 
H. adnata (adhering-l . f. white, with narrow perianth 
segments, and nef ——— — — in umbels. May. 
l. rather broad. h. lft. South America, 1758. The variety 
ig is a handsome greenhouse plant, with pure white flowers 
a 
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