THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Hyospathe—continued. 
spadices two or three, shortly pedunculate ; spathes two, 
lower one compressed, two-keeled; upper one fusiform. 
Leaves few, terminal, irregularly pinnatisect; segments - 
broad. The species best known is H. elegans. Fôr- cul- 
ture, see Bactris. 
H. elegans (elegant). fl., spikes produced below the leaves, and 
bear both ——— ao. owers. fr. violet, resembling an olive 
in shape. 1. 3ft. to 4ft. long, nearly entire when young, having 
only a division at the point, but when full-grown they are more 
or less divided, and become irregularly pinnate. Para. The 
leaves of this plant are employed for thatching. i 
`: HYPECOUM (from hypecoon, the old Greek name 
used by Dioscorides). Including Chiazospermum. SYN. 
Mnemosilla. ORD. Papaveracee.. A genus of four (or 
perhaps five) species of glaucous hardy annual herbs, 
natives of Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and tem- 
perate Asia. Hypecoums thrive in any ordinary garden 
soil. Propagated by seeds, sown in the open border, in 
spring, for summer flowering; or in autumn for early 
spring flowering. The species best known to cultivation 
is H. procumbens. 
H. procumbens (procumbent). /. bright yellow ; scapes several, 
erect when in flower, but becoming procumbent when in fruit, 
Spring and summer. Pods flat, falcate, taper-pointed. 1. glaucous, 
smooth ; radical ones several, petiolate, pinnately multipartite ; 
leaflets bipinnatifid ; stem leaves with shorter footstalks and less 
divided. h. 1ft. South Europe, 1596. (S. B. F. G., 217.) 
HYPERANTHERA. A synonym of Moringa 
(which see). 
HYPERICINES. An order of herbs, shrubs, 
or rarely trees, comprising eight genera and 210 
species, generally distributed over the world, both 
in temperate and warm climates! Flowers usually 
yellow or white, terminal, panicled or in dichotomous 
cymes, rarely axillary; sepals five, rarely four, imbri- 
` cate; petals the same, hypogynous, imbricate, often 
twisted. Leaves opposite or rarely whorled, simple, 
penninerved, entire, or with glandular teeth, usually 
sprinkled with pellucid glands sunk in the parenchyma, © 
and edged with vesicular black glands. Many of the 
species yield a yellow juice and an essential oil; some 
are purgative, others tonic and astringent. Illustrative 
genera are: Ascyrum, Haronga, and Hypericum. 
HYPERICOPSIS. Included under Frankenia 
(which see). uk 
HYPERICUM (the old Greek name, used by Dios- 
corides). Including Androsemum, Elodea (of Spach), 
Sarothra, and Tridia. Orb. Hypericinee. A genus com- 
prising 160 species of greenhouse or hardy, evergreen or 
deciduous herbs, shrubs, or sub-shrubs, broadly dispersed 
over the whole world, but particularly abundant in Southern 
furope, Western Asia, and North America, Flowers 
yellow, variously disposed, but rarely umbellate. 
s opposite, sessile or sub-sessile, usually full of pel- 
and black dots on their edges. All the species are 
jle culture in almost any ordinary garden soil, but 
-leam is generally preferable. A winter top- 
ressing for the more ornamental perennial sorts will be 
found of great advantage. Propagation may be quickly 
effected by seeds, by cuttings, or by strong pieces of 
— Species. Flowers yellow, and plants 
dec : except where otherwise stated. 
H. sogyptincum i . small, few, almost sessile, 
June, l. glaucous, 
tian). fl 
é a alli, ovate, crowded, dotless. Stem round. 
h. 6in. to 18in. North Africa and Levant, 1787. Half-hardy ever- 
green. (B. M. 6481.) ; 
H. um (Androsæmum). Sweet Amber; Common 
Tuten. f- large, — — — i. sessile, ovate, 
Si T , ) ritain). S - 
— Ba Fig. D. — — we rope (Britain). Sub 
J (Ascyron). St. Peters Wort. . very large, 
few. July. l. stem-clasping, lanceolate, acute, Ain of Jahic 
_ Stem tetragonal, le. h. Sit. Siberia, 1774. Hardy 
E. balearicum (Balearic).* jl. large, few. 
“TL ovate, obtuse, rather — 
March to September. 
Stem quadrangular, 
Hypericum—continued. 
warted. h. lft. to 2ft. Majorca, 1714. 
shrub. (B. M. 137.) 
H. calycinum (large-calyxed),* Aaron’s Beard; Rose of Sharon. 
fl. large, terminal, solitary. Summer. /. ovate, coriaceous, 
broad, full of pellucid dots. Stem tetragonal, dwarf. A. lft. 
South-east Europe (naturalised in Britain). One of the hand- 
somest shrubs; nearly evergreen. (B. M. 146.) 
H. Coris (Coris-leaved). fl. about fin. across, May to September. 
l. in whorls, linear, with revolute margins. Stem shrubby, erect, 
round, h. 6in. to 24in. Levant, 1640. Half-hardy evergreen 
(B. M. 6563.) 
H. elatum (tall). 7. corymbose; peduncles bibracteate. July. 
l. ovate-oblong, acute, dilated at the base, somewhat emarginate, 
with the margins rather revolute. Young stems reddish, A. 5ft. 
North America, 1762. Hardy shrub. (Sy. En. B. 265.) 
H. elegans (elegant).* jl. racemose. Summer. l. ovate-lanceo- 
late, rather stem-clasping, bluntish, full of pellucid dots. Stem 
erect, winged, full of black dots. A. lft. Siberia, 1817, An 
elegant hardy perennial. ; 
H. elodes (marshy). fl. pale yellow, with green ribs, expanding 
in the sun only; panicle loose, few-flowered. Summer. /. 
roundish-ovate, blunt, shaggy, tomentose, full of pellucid dots. 
Stem villous, round, procumbent. West Europe (Britain), Azores. 
— pretty herbaceous plant for boggy places. (Sy. En. B 
Greenhouse evergreen 
4009 9° tS tas 
ete tgs ‘A 
DEREI 
ERN — 
FIG. 260. HYPERICUM ANDROSEMUM, showing Habit and 
detached Flower, : 
H., empetrifolium (Empetrum-leaved).* Jl, petals without glands. 
margins. Stem 
—— É — tern, ba ee revolute - 
icose, with slender, erect, four-angled branchlets. R. 6in. to 
l2in. South Europe, 1820. Half-hardy evergreen. (B. M. 6764.) 
H. hircinum oat-scented). Goat-scented St. John’s Wort. fl. 
large, few ; uncles bibracteate; styles very long. Summer. 
l. somewhat emarginate at the base, dilated, sessile, ovate-lanceo- 
late, with glandular margins. Branches winged. A. 2ft. to 4ft. 
‘Mediterranean region, 1640. Hardy shrub. (Sy. En. B. 266.) 
, Hookerianum (Hooker’s).* Al. few, large. Summer. 1. elli 
tical-lanceolate, crowded, with the marei xa little revolute, full 
of fine pellucid dots. Stem round, shrubby. h. 2ft, Nepaul 
1523. ‘Half-hardy evergreen. (B. M. 4949, under name FE 
oblongifolium.) as 
H. japonicum (Japanese). fl. solitary, loosel: nicled, small; 
peduncles solitary or tern. —— J, promi o vato or oval, 
—— obinia, yrth deck gir , full of pellucid dots. 
, te * , dee D: J ki 
Hardy ——— smooth, decumbent. A, 1ft. Japan, 1823 
com a r Sasthes tysat 
; . l. linear-lanceolate. nches > 
Pion to 4ft. North America, 1759. Hardy shrub. ser 
nummularium (Moneywort-leaved). fi. racemose. Summer. 
l. orbicular, stalked, Stem round, ascending. 4h. Zin. to 6in. 
Pyrenees, &c,, 1823. Hardy perennial. 
— (oblong-leaved). A synonym of H. Hookeri- 
