172 
THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Iberis— continued. 
Branches woody, slender, numerous, procumbent. A. lft. This 
garden hybrid is a valuable hardy evergreen shrub, thriving 
in almost any soil or situation; it has a neat and effective 
appearance at the angles of walks, or used as an edging. The 
plant may be easily increased, either by layers or by cuttings. 
I. gibraltarica (Gibraltar).* A. white, usually suffused with pink 
or red, large, in corymbose heads. Early spring. l. wedge-shaped, 
blunt, somewhat toothed at the top, rather ciliated. h. lft. to 2ft. 
Gibraltar, 1732. A very showy, handsome, but somewhat 
straggling, half-hardy evergreen species, requiring a well-drained 
light soil. (B. M. 124.) 
I. g. hybrida (hybrid). fl. creamy-white, gradually deepening to 
a pleasing rosy-purple colour. A very desirable variety, being 
much more compact in habit than the type, and equally as 
tioriferous, 
I. jucunda (pleasant). A synonym of dithionema coridifolium. 
I. nana (dwarf). jl. purple. June and July. l. round-spathulate, 
entire, rather fleshy. A. 3in. South France and Italy, 1822. 
‘Plant herbaceous, smooth. Annual or biennial. (B. M. 2788.) 
I. odorata (sweet-scented). jl. white, sweet-scented, racemose. 
Summer. Z. linear, toothed, ciliated at the base, dilated at the 
top. h. 6in. to 12in. Greece, 1806, Annual. (S. B. F. G. 50.) 
I. Pruiti (Pruit’s). jl. pure white, in compact heads or 
corymbs. Mayor June. l. obovate-spathulate, entire, or some- 
what toothed. Stems suffruticose at the base, smooth. A. 6in. 
Sicily. Very like J. Tenoreana, but having smooth, not ciliated, 
leaves, and pure white flowers, “Perennial. 
I. saxatilis (rock).* fl. white, corymbose. Spring and summer, 
l. linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, acute, ciliated. Stems 
ascendent, h. 3in. to bin. South Europe, &c., 1739, A very 
common and pretty dwarf evergreen shrub. 
I. semperfiorens (ever-flowering).* fl. pure white, large, sweet- 
scented, corymbose. Autumn to spring. l. cuneated or spathu- 
late, rather fleshy, blunt, quite entire, smooth.  h. 1ft. to 2ft. 
Italy, &c,, 1679. A handsome but somewhat delicate evergreen 
peren 
Fic. 264. FLOWERING BRANCH OF IBERIS SEMPERVIRENS. 
sempervirens (evergreen).* Evergreen Candytuft. fl. pure 
white, in long racemes. Spring and summer. l. oblong, blunt, 
narrowed at the base, smooth. h. 9in. to 12in. South Europe, 
1731. This is the common branching evergreen shrubby species 
of Candytuft. Tt is adapted for nearly every style of gardening, 
and is one of the best perennials grown. See Fig. 264. There 
are several varieties, including J. s. superba, which has a bushy 
habit, and produces pure white flowers in dense heads. 
I. s. Garrexiana (Garrexian).* white, corymbose. May. 
l. oblong, narrowed at the ne 5 quite awn, pe 
h. 6in. to 9in. South Europe, 1820. A variety having smaller 
ers, and the racemes very much elongated in the course o 
Hardy evergreen, (A. F. P. iii. 40, 54.) 
; lower ones obovate, 
ones oblong-linear. 
} h. 6in. South-west 
perennial species. (B. M. 2783.) 
Iberis—continued. 
Fig. 265. IBERIS UMBELLATA, showing Habit and detached 
Inflorescence. 
I. umbellata (umbelled).* Common Candytuft. f. usually 
purple, but very variable, in terminal umbels. Spring and 
summer. J, lanceolate, acuminated ; lower ones serrated ; upper 
ones quite entire. h. 6in. to 12in. South Europe, 1596. A 
common and well-known pretty hardy annual. See Fig. 265. 
(B. M. 106.) The following are the most desirable varieties (the 
descriptions refer to the flowers): atropurpurea, dark crimson ; 
earned, blush or pale flesh-coloured ; nana purpurea, deep purple, 
dwarf; purpurea lilacina, lilac-purple, dwarf. 
I. violacea (violet). 7. pupie; corymb somewhat umbellate. 
June and July. 1. stalked, spathulate, blunt-toothed and entire, 
ciliate. h, Sin. 1782. Annual. 
ICACINA (a name given on account of the resem- 
blance of the branches to a tree called the Icaco). ORD. 
Olacinee. A genus comprising three or four species of 
shrubs, natives of Western tropical Africa. Flowers 
villous, in terminal panicles. Leaves simple, alternate, 
exstipulate, shortly petiolate, ovate, entire, reticulate- 
nerved. Branches ascending or twining. I. Mannii, the 
only species yet introduced, is a shrubby stove climber, 
thriving in rich sandy loam and leaf mould. Propagated 
by cuttings, made of the young shoots, and inserted in 
sandy loam, in bottom heat, under a hand glass. 
Mannii(Mann’s). fl. iin. long, in short, silky, axillary cymes ; 
calyx five-lobed ; petals yellow, inear-oblong 4 —— exserted. 
October, J. alternate, Šin. to Tin. long, elliptic, abruptly nar- 
rowed into a long point, rounded at base, qrite entire, shortly 
petioled, membranous, glabrous, or with midrib beneath and 
petiole puberulous ; nerves few. Stem slender, climbing. Root a 
large tuber, 6in. to 12in. in diameter, terete, glabrous. Gulf of 
Guinea, 1865. (B. M. 6260.) ; 
ICACINEÆ. A tribe of Olacinee. ce 
———— A synonym of Jacaranda (which 
see). 
ICE PLANT. See Mesembryanthemum crys- 
tallinum. 
ICHNEUMON FLIES. A section of Hymenoptera, 
characterised by usually slender bodies, veined wings, with 
the veins inclosing several spaces or cells, and long 
vibratile antenne of numerous joints (see Fig. 266). The 
females have an ovipositor, which, in some, is very long; 
Fic. 266, ICHNEUMON FLY. 
they lay their eggs in the bodies of other insects, especially 
in larve, and the larve of the Ichneumon feed in the 
body of the insect. Sometimes, only one is present; at 
other times, a large number feed in the same insect. Few 
