AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 177 
Ilex—continued. 
and green, with a broad, well-defined, continuous margin of deep 
golden-yellow. A very handsome form, and said to be the tinest 
of the gold-edged series. It is also known as aurea marginata, 
latifolia marginata, and regine. (G. C. n. s., v. 44.) 
I. A. Cookii (Cook’s). l. ovate, flat, with rather weak spines ; very 
dark green, with a narrow edge of greenish-yellow, and some 
central blotches. (G. C. n, s., v. 437.) 
I. A. ferox argentea (fierce, silvery).* Silver-striped Hedgehog. 
l. ovate, more or less convex, deep green, bristling with sti 
echinate spines towards the front and edges ; margin and surface 
spines creamy-white. Known also as feros argentea variegata. 
(G.-C. n. 8., v.44.) 
I. A. Handsworthensis (Handsworth).* 1. elliptic-oblong, 2hin. 
to šin. long, margined with very strong prominent white spines ; 
disk mottled with green and greyish-green, and with a distinct 
and tolerably even margin of creamy-white. A handsome, free- 
growing form. 
I. A. heterophylla aureo-picta (various-leaved, gold-painted). 
l ovate, flat, toothless, on long; edge dark green; middle 
conspicuously marked with a broad, unequall -developed, 
feathery blotch of bright yellow. (G. C. n. s., vi. 389.) 
I. A, Hodginsii aurea (Hodgins’ golden).* Z, broadly oblong- 
ovate ; disk conspicuously mottled with dark and grey-green; 
margin broad, golden, 
I. A. Lawsoniana (Lawson’s).* 1. ovate or bluntly elliptical, 2}in. 
to 3jin. long, opaque green; central or discal portions marked 
with broad bands or blotches of yellow ; spines distant. Very 
— The same as Lawsoniana variegata. (G. ©. n. s., 
¥; i 4 
I. A. Madame Briot. Z. large, 2sin. to 3in. long, ljin. to 
lsin. broad, oblong-ovate, furnished at the edge with — 
developed, wavy or divaricate spines; surface considerably 
mottled with yellow and green on the disk, and having a narrow 
golden edge. Of Continental origin. > 
A. maderensis variegata (variegated Madeiran). l ovate 
or obovate, 2in. to 24in. long, distantly plane-spined, or o 
ally somewhat wavy ; dark green at the margin, with a feathered 
golden blotch, mixed with pale green in the centre. 
I. A. scotica aurea (Scotch golden). Z. obovate, marginate, about 
lżin. long, nearly entire, but loosely wavy, narrowing to wedge- 
— at the base; disk dark mottled green, with a broad golden 
ge. h ~ 
I. A. Wateriana (Waterer’s).* Z oblong, ovate, or obovate, 
often oblique, ljin. to 24in. long, with or without spines; disk 
dark green, mottled, often in sectional streaks, with yellowish- 
een and greyish-green, and with a broad but irregular marginal 
ana of deep golden-yellow, which is not continuous, sometimes 
wholly golden, at others half golden. A beautiful dense dwarf 
shrub. It is known also as compacta aurea and nana aurea. 
(G. ©. n. s., vi. 233.) 
ILICINEÆ. A small natural order of trees or 
shrubs, of which the common Holly, Ilex Aquifolium, 
is the type. Flowers white, often small; inflorescence 
axillary and terminal, cymose. Leaves alternate; stipules 
minute or absent, petiolate, simple, generally coriaceous, 
often entire. The species inhabit temperate and tropical 
regions, but are absent from North-west America. They 
contain a bitter principle, the Ilicine of chemists, com- 
bined in various proportions with an aromatic resin 
and a glutinous matter, to which some species of Holly 
owe medicinal properties. There are about 150 species, 
and the following genera: Byronia, Ilex, and Nemopanthes. 
The order is sometimes known as Aquifoliacee. 
ILLAIREA. This genus is now included under 
Loasa (which see). - ae 
ILLECEBRACEZ:. An order of sub-erect, diffuse, 
or pulvinately-tufted, annual or perennial herbs (rarely 
shrubs or sub-shrubs). The species are widely distri- 
buted, principally throughout warm and dry regions, 
many being found in South Europe and North Africa. 
Flowers green or white, regular, generally hermaphrodite, 
inconspicuous, herbaceous, often scariously bracted, gene- 
rally disposed in trichotomous cymes; petals small or 
absent. Fruit small, indehiscent, or three-valved. Leaves. 
generally opposite, small, entire; base often connate; 
_ stipules scariose, simple, bifid or connate, rarely none. 
The order comprises seventeen genera and about ninety 
Species. TIlustrative genera are: Illecebrum, Paronychia, 
and Scleranthus. 
ILLECEBRUM (from illecebra, an old Latin word, 
meaning enticement or attraction, applied by Pliny to the | 
Vol. IL. 
| substance of the foiiage). 
Illecebrum—continued. 
Stonecrop). ORD. Illecebrace@. A genus now reduced 
to a single species, but which formerly included several 
South European ones now forming the genus Paronychia. 
I. verticillatum is a small, hardy, glabrous, much-branched 
annual, thriving best in a moist peat soil. Propagated 
by seeds, 
FIG. 282. FLOWERING SHOOT OF ILLECEBRUM VERTICILLATUM. 
verticillatum (whorled). M. shining- white, in whorls, in 
the axils of the leayes. 8 L ite, vate, green. 
h. lin. to 3in. North Africa and West Europe (Britain, only in 
Devon and Cornwall). See Fig. 282. 
ILLICIUM (from illicio, to entice or allure; on account 
of the agreeable aromatic smell of the species). Ani- 
seed - tree. ORD. Magnoliaceæ. A genus comprising 
five species of half- hardy evergreen shrubs. Flowers 
very beautiful and fragrant, singly or in threes 1 
the sides of the branches; petals nine to thirty, disposed 
in several series. Carpels stellately - disposed, capsular, 
opening on the upper side. Leaves oblong, stalked, 
coriaceous, exhaling a stror Aniseed. The 
species thrive in a 
and need 
han 
-flowered). fl. scentless ; petals yellowish, : 
six to twelve, ovate-roundish ; sepals three, ovate, somewhat 
ciliated. May and June. l. lanceolate, acute, scented, A. 3ft. 
Southern United States, 1790. on 
I. religiosum (holy). Synonymous with 7. anisatum. 
IMANTOPHYLLUM (from imas, imantos, a leather 
thong, and phyllon, a leaf; alluding to the shape and 
Orp. Amaryllidew. This 
as the plants 
2 A 
is now included under Clivia; but, 
