186 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Insects—continued. 
for biting, with all the parts well developed; the body is 
usnally incased in a hard crust; the front wings are 
modified to form hard coverings (elytra) extending over the 
hinder part of the body, and serving to protect the hind 
FIG. 295. ROSE-CHAFER, with Hind Wings extended. 
wings, which remain membranous for flight (see Fig. 295). 
The metamorphosis is complete, ie., the larva is very 
TE 
WARD 
} 
” 
Zo Up N\ 
Fic. 297, COLORADO Berre. 
unlike the adult Insect (see Figs. 296 and 297), and the 
pupa is helpless. At times, the larvæ of Beetles are 
hurtful (e.g., those of the Click Beetle and of the 
Colorado Beetle); but the mature Insects are more often 
to be dreaded. See also Cockchafers, Ladybirds, and 
Turnip Fly. 
Several kinds of Beetles are useful to gardeners, since 
they feed on hurtful Insects, either as larvæ, or in the 
perfect state. Of these useful forms we may mention 
FIG. 298. COMMON GROUND BEETLE. 
the following: The Ground Beetles (see Fig. 298) feed 
mostly on Insects, though some of them are partly vege- 
tarians, and Harpalus ruficornis has been found eating 
Strawberries in large numbers. The Tiger Beetles, and 
the Devils Coach Horses or Rove Beetles (see Fig. 299), 
feed largely upon decaying matter; but many kinds are 
= o much assistance by destroying noxious insects. The 
- Glow-worm (Lampyris noctiluca), in the larval state, 
Insects—continued. 
feeds on snails, mostly of the genus Helix, following 
them into their shells to devour them. It removes the 
slime encountered in this mode of life, by means of a 
kind of brush specially suited to its needs. The larve 
Fic. 299. DEVIL’s COACH HORSE. 
of the Ladybirds are very useful because of the number 
of Green Flies eaten by them. The modes in which 
Beetles inflict injury on garden and field produce, are 
very various. Frequently, the roots are attacked, and 
much injured, or entirely destroyed, usually by larve, 
Fig. 300. GRUB OF CocKCHAFER. 
e.g, of the Cockchafer (see Fig. 300).\ The stems are 
injured, chiefly by those kinds (Bark Beetles) that bore 
between the bark and the wood, separating the bark, 
which soon dies. A few make galls, on roots or stems, 
e.g., Cabbage Weevil, or in seed vessels. Others attack 
the leaves, either while larvæ (Lily Beetle), or as Beetles 
(Turnip Fly); while others live as larvæ in the seed 
vessels, eating out the contents of the seeds, and thus 
rendering the crops a failure while in the soil, or after 
they have been harvested, e.g., Bean Beetle. 
Orthoptera. In this order are included Insects with 
mouths fitted for biting, wings net-veined, front wings like 
parchment in thickness, long and narrow, serving to pro- 
tect the large membranous hind wings; metamorphosis 
incomplete, the larvae resembling the parents except in 
Fic. 301. HOUSE CRICKET. © 
size, and in having no trace of wings. This order in- 
cludes Loousts, Crickets (see Fig. 301), Grasshoppers (see 
Fic. 302. GREEN ; GRASSHOPPER. 
Se ee A A 
