Nib Tee VIET ae a ee a, ee a 
AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 211 
Juglans—continued. 
peduncle, Z., leaflets five to nine, oval, glabrous, obscurely ser- 
rated. h. 40ft. to 60ft. Persia, 1562. A well-known and desirable 
fruit. See Fig. 348. It hasseveral varieties, for enumeration of 
which, and for culture, see Walnut. 
J. r. Bartheriana (Barther’s). A synonym of J. r. elongata. 
J. r. elongata (elongated). This variety only differs in its very 
much elongated fruits. A nut (natural size) is represented at 
Fig. 349. Syn. J.r. Bartheriana. . 
J. r. longirostris (long-beaked). This is an extraordinary semi- 
nal variety of the common Walnut, distinguished by its long- 
beaked fruits, See Fig. 350, 
JUIJUBE. See Zizyphus Jujuba. 
JULIANA. A synonym of Choisya (which see), 
JULUS. See Millipedes. 
JUNCEZX. A natural order, containing about 130 
species of perennial, rarely annual, herbs, principally 
natives of temperate and Arctic regions. Flowers green 
or brown, in axillary or terminal cymes, regular, herma- 
phrodite or dicecious, bracteolate; perianth inferior, 
scarious or coriaceous, the six segments in two series, 
the inner series sometimes petaloid, sometimes both 
series large and coloured; stamens six, rarely three only. 
Leaves slender, flat or terete, or reduced to sheathing 
scales. Stems erect, usually simple, sometimes septate 
within; pith often thick, continuous or interrupted. 
There are fourteen genera; Juncus and Luzula represent 
the order in the British Flora. The more important 
of the exotic genera are: Calectasia, Kingia, Xanthorrhea, 
and Xerotes. 
JUNCUS (from jungo, to join; the leaves and stems of 
this genus having been employed as cordage), Rush. 
ORD. Juncee. A genus of about a hundred species of hardy 
herbaceous annuals or perennials, usually with a rigid 
habit, principally natives of Arctic and temperate regions. 
Flowers greenish or brownish, small, disposed in heads 
or panicles. Very few species of this genus are worth 
cultivating. The perennials thrive in almost any boggy 
situation, and may easily be increased by divisions of 
the root. 
spiralis (wi i urio ir- 
—— forming —— a a n WEDD. —— of 
rowing straight, like those of other kinds, are curiously twisted 
in a regular corkscrew form, From its very unusual appearance, 
it is well worthy of cultivation, and may be planted with advan- 
tage on the margins of pieces of water, near cascades, &c., or in 
an artificial bog. : 
J. letevirens (bright-green).* /. bright green, in crowded tufts, 
somewhat distichously sheathing at the base, and distinctly com- 
pressed at the sides. h. 3ft. Japan, 1880. A free-growing and 
exceedingly ornamental hardy plant. This is probably not a 
Juncus at all. $ ; 
J. zebrinus. See Scirpus Tabernæmontani zebrinus, 
JUNE BERRY. An American name for Amelan- 
chier. * a 
JUNIPER. See Juniperus. i 
JUNIPER MOTH (Thera juniperata). One of a 
small genus of slender-bodied moths, of the group called 
Geometers, because of the peculiar looping movements 
of their caterpillars, All the species of Thera feed on 
Conifers; T. juniperata and T. aie on Juniper, 
T. variata and T. firmata on Scotch Fir. The insects 
are common in many parts of Britain, where their food- 
plants occur; but they seldom cause serious damage to 
either Junipers or Firs. The moths are all between 
fin. and 1}in. in spread of wings, and are very much 
alike. In all, the wings are rather large in proportion 
to the slender body, and are grey or greyish-brown, 
with a broad darker band across the front wings. — Both 
the species that feed on Juniper are about lin., or a 
little less, across the wings. In T. juniperata, the front 
wings are pale grey, with a dark grey band, which is 
‘bounded on each side by a very zigzag line, and there 
is a dark streak close to the tip of the wing. T. coni- 
ferata has the front wings greyish-brown, with the lines 
bounding the cross-band much less zigzag. The insects 
J. 
Juniper Moth— continued. — 
that live on the Fir are slightly larger. T. firmata has 
the front wings pale grey, with an indistinct ochreous- 
brown band; and T. variata ‘has them greyish-brown, 
with the inner margin of the band not so straight as 
in T. coniferata. The caterpillars of all four species 
are green, marked with lemon-yellow or white lines 
(usually three) down the back and sides. The pupæ 
are usually green, and are inclosed in a silken cocoon, 
either suspended among the twigs of the food-plant, or 
among rubbish on the ground. T. jumiperata flies in 
October ; the other species appear from July to September. 
Should it be desirable to reduce their numbers, this 
may be done, in some degree, by shaking the branches, 
and by the removal of dead twigs, as well as of all 
rubbish from below the bushes. 
— areal (the old Latin name used by Virgil and 
my). 
baccate, of four to six decussate or whorled, confluent, 
fleshy scales. Fruit berry-like, ripening the second year. 
J. bermudiana (Bermuda). Barbados or Bermuda Cedar. L- 
dimorphous, acicular, and arranged in on the young 
panie but becoming scale-like and imbricated as the tree 
ecomes aged. h. 40ft. to 50ft. Bermudas, 1683. A somewhat 
tender species, assuming a densely-branched pyramidal form in 
its native country. This tree furnishes the wood used in the 
manufacture of “cedar” — It is very rarely seen in 
England. (G. C. n. s., xix. 607.) PAREA 
Fic: 2 L FRUITING TWIG OF JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA; also 
ne e SECTION OF FRUIT, showing (a) Fleshy Portion, 
(b) Seed, and (c) Embryo. 
(Californian). l. ternate, — one — ber wf 
acute. fr. reddish, dry and sweetish. aches stout, spr g, 
with thick branchlets. Shrub, or sometimes a tree from 20ft. to 
Zit. See Fig. 351. z 
