232 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Lambertia— continued. 
outer ones short and ovate.. June to August. J. linear or 
htly linear-cuneate ; recurved, contracted into a very 
shart SS petiolo A rigid, shinin above, pale or almost ferruginous 
A tall shrub. (A. B. R. 69; B. R. 528; 
CS B. C. 80.) 
LAMBERT’S FILBERT. See Corylus tubulosa. 
LAMB’S LETTUCE. See Corn Salad. 
LAMINA. Generally applied to the blade of a leaf. 
LAMIUM (the old name used by Pliny, probably 
from laimos, a throat, on account of the shape of the 
corolla). Dead Nettle. Including Galeobdolon. ORD. 
Labiate. This genus comprises about forty species of 
annual or perennial hairy herbs, decumbent at the base, 
natives of Europe, North Africa, and extra-tropical Asia, 
and distinguished either by the long arched upper lip, or 
by the smallness of the lateral lobes of the lower lip, 
of the corolla. Leaves always stalked, ovate or orbicular, 
and toothed. The species are of no great horticultural 
value, and perhaps the only ones worth mentioning here 
are the following: 
L. Galeobdolon ——— fl. yellow, large, in six to ten- 
flowered whorls. May and June. l. ovate, acuminate, doubly 
crenated or serrated. Rootstock short, stoloniferous. Europe 
(Britain), West Siberia, Perennial. (Sy. En. B. 1085.) There 
is a pretty garden variety with golden-bronzy leaves, useful for 
rockwork or rustic borders. ba $ 
L. maculatum (spotted).* A. usually purple, large ; ——— 
suddenly oe June sg Septem ae ber. ak corda seas te, crenate or 
serrate, wrinkled, with a —— white stri retty dwarf- 
A 
eral Gas Tat Mea —— 
Perennial. * (Sy. En. in B. 1087.) A form of this (aureum), mr 
golden-coloured — is useful as a rock or border plant, and 
also for spring bedding. 
LAMOUROUZXIA — after J. V. F. Lamouroux, 
1779-1825, a naturalist and professor at Caen). ORD. 
Scrophularineæ. A genus comprising eighteen species of 
erect, decumbent, or sub-scandent, greenhouse perennial 
(or rarely annual) herbs, natives of Mexico, Central, and 
the mountains of South, America. Flowers scarlet or 
rosy, showy, axillary, or in terminal spikes or racemes; 
corolla with a short tube, a long, ventricosely compressed 
throat, and a bilabiate limb: Leaves opposite, toothed or 
rarely entire, or dissected. It is is doubtful if any of the 
species are now in cultivation; , as tl are probably 
all more or less Toot parasites, it is” hardly 
would remain long in gardens after being introduced. 
US. This genus is now included, by 
LAMPROCOCC 
Bentham and Hooker, under Æchmea. 
LANARIA (from lana, wool; perianth velvety on 
the outside).. Syns. Argolasia, Augea. ORD. Hemodoracee. 
A monotypic genus. The species is a very pretty little 
greenhouse herbaceous perennial, of easy culture in a 
compost of sandy loam and peat. It should be allowed 
an abundance of water. Propagated by divisions of the 
root. 
L. plumosa feathe’ . white, woolly ; perianth six-parted, 
spreading —* — ———— corymbose. May. few, linear, 
keeled, sn — h. 1}ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1787. 
Fig. 373. LANCEOLATE LEAF, WITH SERRATED MARGINS. 
EQOLATE. Lance or spear-shaped; narrowly 
tapering to each end. A Lanceolate leaf, with 
margins, is shown at Fig. 373. 
LAND CRESS. See Cress, American or Land. 
LANDOLPHIA (named after M. Landolphe, who 
commanded the West African expedition, to which P. de 
Beauvois was attached as botanist). ORD. Apocynacee. 
A genus comprising about sixteen species of stove scan- 
dent shrubs, natives of tropical and Southern sub-tropical 
Africa and Madagascar. Flowers often rather large ; 
corolla white or yellowish, salver-shaped, with narrow 
contorted lobes; cymes terminal, sometimes densely to- 
mentose, sometimes loosely thyrsoid-paniculate. Leaves 
opposite, penniveined, and reticulated. From the species 
of this genus caoutchouc is largely obtained. L. owariensis 
thrives in a well-drained fibry loam, and cuttings root 
readily in bottom heat. 
L. owariensis have been introduced to Kew, and distri- 
buted to the various British Colonies. 
L. owariensis (Owara). fl. }in. long ; calyx lobes ovate-rotund- 
ate. fr. about the size of an orange, with a woody reddish- 
brown shell, and an agreeable, sweetish acid pulp. £. 5in. long, 
1fin. broad, membranaceous. Stems 4in. to bin. in diameter near 
the ground. 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Effective Land- 
scape Gardening is an art which is only acquired by 
considerable study, taste, and judgment, on the part of 
persons engaged in its execution. ‘The art has refer- 
ence chiefly to the laying out of grounds, and the ar- 
rangement and planting of trees and shrubs in such a 
manner as to eventually produce the most pleasing 
effect, so far as circumstances in individual cases admit. 
Where natural Landscape does not, to a certain extent, 
exist, the work of wholly creating it becomes an exten- 
sive undertaking, and involves considerably more expense 
than where an arrangement and improvement, by addi- 
tional planting, &c., are the only requirements. Land- 
scape gardeners, by profession, are not very numerous, 
their services being in request principally for laying out 
new estates; and, as this presents endless difficulties to — 
proprietors, and entails such an enormous amount of 
work and expense, it is not frequently undertaken. The 
chances of improvement in Landscape are, however, con- 
tinually presented, and admit of being executed, by ex- 
perienced hands, a portion at a time, without materially _ — ——- 
interfering with the effect of the whole until the work 
is completed. Definite ideas are absolutely necessary, 
and no attempt should be made at laying out or im- 
the fullest consideration being 
“first given, and the —— calculated to prove tolerably 
certain. A few of the main features may be here 
referred to, but their application must not be taken as 
always applicable, so much depending on individual re- 
quirements, locality, natural disposition of land, the 
beauty of existing scenery, and many other points which 
have to be kept in view. ‘The selection of trees and 
shrubs for permanent positions should be restricted to 
such as are known to be perfectly hardy, and adapted 
to the soil of the locality. Doubtful ones may be tried 
for giving a variety, but they should be kept in posi- 
tions where provision can be made for substituting some- 
thing else in the event of failure. Tall-growing trees 
must be kept in the background, in the case of an exten- 
sive piece of undulating scenery, dwarfer specimens and 
irregular belts of shrubs being introduced in the front. A 
large space, and an open expanse of lawn or ordinary 
grass, is best suited for producing a Landscape effect, the 
eye passing from the foreground amongst and over trees 
and shrubs of a moderate height, either isolated or 
grouped, to an irregular background of various trees 
behind. The work of devastation amongst trees, when 
alterations are taking place, requires most careful study- 
ing before being carried out, or distinct and fine specimens 
of historic interest may be ruthlessly destroyed, and 
their place taken by something far removed, in reality, 
from the aim of improvement in view. Spring and summer 
are the best seasons for noting where improvements can 
be made, as the different forms of foliage and the way they 
Several other species besides 
Pe ae eee 
E 
